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Absolutism
Absolutism (Divine right of Kings) is the idea that the monarch gets his/her power directly from God. This means that the monarch and the Church have strong ties. This current of thought died down at the end of the 17th century and was replaced by Gallicanism. -
Period: to
French Regime
The French Regime over New France -
Catholicism
First Recollet missionaries -
College des Jesuites
The founding of the College des Jesuites -
Ville-Marie
Foundation of Ville-Mari -
Grand Seminaire de Quebec
Foundation of the Grand Seminaire de Quebec -
Gallicanism
A new current of thought, Gallicanism, appears around the end of the 17th century. Gallicanism states that the Church has to take orders from the King instead of the Pope, since the King is said to get his power from God. This includes the King choosing the Bishops instead of the Pope. -
British Imperialism
A political ideology that came about with the change of Empire, it's the idea that the people of Quebec are more British than canadien and that they should identify as such. -
Period: to
British rule
British rule over New France. The English change the laws to the English laws, they change the government of the colony, and they change name to Quebec. -
Liberalism
The change of empire brought about a rise of liberalism. This political ideology believes that all individuals have equal and fundamental rights, assured by laws and a constitution. One of those rights is protection the abuse of power from the monarch. They include rights in religious, political, economic, and cultural aspects. This school of thought was the most popular during the British regime. It also supported free trade and freedom of expression. -
French Canadian Nationalism
Led by Lionel Groulx
Promotes the themes of survival and traditional values:
Family
Respect for the hierarchy
Religious education
Agriculture
Rural way of life
Opposed liberalism -
Ultramontanism
Around the middle of the 19th century, the idea of ultramontanism began to rise. It helped the clergy regain and keep its popularity by supporting it and promoting the Church's power over that of the State. -
Bill on Public Education
The gov't adopted the Bill on Public Education, weakening the Church's control over the education. This Bill gave the gov't the power to coordinate and supervise the public education, as well as creating school boards. The schools were confessional, meaning they were based on religion; there were Catholic (French) and Protestant (English) schools. The gov't told the Church to change the curriculum, teaching the students to read, write, solve basic math, and learn a little bit of geography -
Anticlericalism
As ultramontanism rose in popularity, so did it's opposite, anticlericalism. Anticlericalism supports the separate between the Church and State and refuses the traditional ways of life that the Church promotes. -
The Institut Canadien
Founded by young professionals and intellectuals, the Institut Canadien supports the promotion of French Canadian culture and anticlericalism. The library was one of the first public libraries in the colony and it contained books banned by the index. -
Capitalism
The idea of the accumulation of wealth in a small group of individuals
Cause of major social inequalities
Workers earn low wages and work in difficult conditions
Basis for capitalism: Business people invest money -> Earn profits -> Increase wealth -> Invest money ->. Cycle -
Agriculturalism
Proposed by the Church
Supports going back to the "Old Ways" (large families, catholic faith, french language, rural life)
Promotes settling in the underdeveloped areas of Quebec (the Laurentians, the Lanaudiere, Lac St Jean)
End of 19th century
Cure Antoine Labelle is the spokesperson
Big during the Great Depression -
Feminism
Women's fight for rights
Begins in 1940s
More demanding after World War II
Right to vote, political rights, etc -
Cooperatism
Farmers can't afford the new technologies - banks won't loan them money
Farmers decide to regroup their funds
Encourages the sharing of profits
Cooperative - each member is a part owner. Everybody is equal. -
Fascism
Appeared in Europe
Promotes tradition, totalitarianism, and extreme nationalism
Believe in there being one political party
Based on the idea that some nations were superior to others
Worship their leader
Military life and discipline -
Socialism
Political ideology
Born in Europe
Criticized by capitalism
Denounces the conception of the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few
Promotes the interests of the majority
Promotes state intervention
Some want the abolition of capitalism
Rise of communism -
Americanism
The living and working conditions of Quebec workers improved in the 1950s. They were able to devote more time to leisure activities and they're able to purchase more luxuries like cars and home appliances. The Quebec way of life becomes more similar to the American way of life, with the American principles of "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." -
Secularism
After World War II, a lot of people contested the Church's authority. A large group (mainly intellectuals) wanted the Church to separate from the State, and believed that the Church should have no authority other than in spiritual affairs. -
Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism is an ideology that appeared in the 1970s. It questions the State's intervention and whether/how much it can intervene. Neoliberalists believe that the State should reduce its intervention in public life and that there should be free markets to encourage economic trade. They're against taxes and customs duties. -
Aboriginalism
In the 1970s, Aboriginal peoples began to assert their conception of their nation. Hydroelectric dams from the 1960s and 1970s were flooding the territories that were necessary to maintain their way of life. They demand respect for their rights and hope that Canada and Quebec will consider them in new laws. Their main objective is the prevention of the Aboriginal culture.
