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Oct 28, 1500
First Occupants
The Native culture consisted of many things. For example, they believed in myths legends, they believed in animalism, which means animals were just as equal to them just like everything else. They also believed in shamanism and they had dreamcatchers at night as well. Their circle of life consisted of their culture, their religion, and their identity. When they would end a war, all of the contracts would be oral, nothing was written. They had ceremonies where they would dance and sing as well. -
Period: Oct 28, 1500 to
Culture and Currents of Thought
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The Divine Right of Kings
The divine right of the king meant that the king had total power. For example, King Louis the 14th had a lot of control in Europe but his control of New France was suffering. He put together a force of well trained soldiers to protect New France from the Iroquois attacks. The king also ended the monopoly in New France and put Jean-Baptiste Colbert with he responsibility of the economy for the colony. The king had full control over the church. -
The Catholic Church
The catholic church had a huge influence on the entire population. They worked on hospitals, schools, charities and the priests worked as missionaries. If anyone upset the church, they would be excommunicated, which meant that that person would not be able to buy or sell to anyone from the church, which was the everyone. The brightest boys would be trained to be a priest in a seminary. Everybody had to pay a tithe, which was a tax to the church. Most people were very religious. -
Life in New France
The settlers had a good life but they had to work hard. They had to plant crops, make clothes, fix tools, prepare for winter, etc. They always had something to do. Since New France wasn't really developing, the settlers took care of themselves. In France, there would be very rich people, and a lot of starving people, In New France, less people were starving. The social class in New France consisted of the nobility, middle class, and peasants. -
Isms Part 1
Liberalism: Political philosophy based on ideas of liberty and equality between everyone socially, politically, and economically.
Ultramontanism: Policy of the Catholic Church that is for increasing and developing the power of the pope.
Anticlericalism: Against the influence of the church in public affairs of any kind.
Imperialism: Policy of holding on to the rules or authorities of their mother country, opposite of nationalist. -
Political System
The government pyramid starts with the constitutional monarchy, where the queen and the governor general have symbolic power. Then it goes down to the parliamentary democracy, where was have to be passed through the parliament, which consisted of members who are elected. There are 3 levels of the government, federal, provincial, and municipal and they all have 3 functions.
Executive: Makes decisions about administration.
Legislative: Makes or amends laws.
Judicial: Ensures laws are applied. -
Influence of the Church
After 1837, the power of the church was very powerful. They controlled education, they were in charge of registering births, deaths, and marriages. A lot of people went to church still. The clergy were in charge of orphanages, shelters, charities, religious festivals, etc. The protestant ministers were powerful as well, but not compared to the catholic. -
Isms Part 2
Imperialism: Policy of extending the rule of a nation over foreign countries. Ideas were expressed in newspapers. There was even a newspaper that was made against imperialism.
Capitalism: An economic system where people would invest in the means of production and distribution. This exchanged wealth throughout corporations.
Socialism: System of social organization that is vesting of the ownership, and control of the production and distribution in the whole community. -
Isms Part 3
Agriculturism: Push to support farmers, creation of community groups to spread ideas in magazines.
Nationalism: Devotion to one's own nation and their nation over any other.
French-Canadian Nationalism: Did not want to support Britain, wanted to protect the French culture.
English-Canadian Nationalism: Liked the English way, wanted to support Britain but they wanted Canada to be independent.
Laicism: Control of political and social institutions without any power of the church. -
Feminism
In the late 1800's, women had a hard life, they married when they were young, and they had over 10 children. Women were forced to do whatever their husband told them to do and they had long days, working at home and sometimes in factories as well. They also had few rights and little education. The only way to escape was if they were to be a nun. After WW1 feminists fought for their rights to vote and they succeeded in the federal election. Over time the feminists have made women equal to men. -
Isms Part 5
Neoliberalism: This was the idea of the people being more involved in some political and social problems in the state and let the government do less.
Aboriginalism: The aboriginals wanted more rights and recognition of their identity through their culture, for example music, language education, etc. Their main reason for this was to protect their ancestors culture and move it on through generations. -
Isms Part 4
Cooperatism: The start of different groups who was for equality and for the Catholic Union, American Union, etc, to collaborate together.
Fascism: This is the idea where one single person (called a dictator) controls the entire country himself. This idea was adopted in Spain and Italy, it was also used to extreme circumstances in Nazi Germany.
Americanism: The emergence of American cultural trends (dances, music, radio, etc.) The influence of American culture was spread through the media. -
Native Issues
In the summer of 1990, Mohawk warriors found a road blocks on the borders for their reserves in Oka. Then a golf course wanted to expand their course onto the native land. The natives organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation. This crisis lasted 78 days until the stand-off came to an end without any armed conflict.
