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Jan 1, 1500
Native Spirituality
Since Natives passed on their beliefs orally, Medicine men were somewhat priests to the Natives. The First Occupants were animalistic, the belief that every living thing possessed a soul and all elements of the universe are equal and believed in the circle of life. -
Jan 2, 1500
Native Social Relationships
Natives respected their elders because they were viewed as very wise and intelligent. There were no written laws and no private property so natives had the freedom of actions and respected their traditions. -
Jan 3, 1500
Native Communication and Exchange
Natives didn't have a writing system so they passed their traditions through generations orally, through song, dance and ceremonies. -
The Divine Right of Kings
In France, the king had absolute power over his country, this was called the Divine Right of Kings. Kings could pass any law or motion with no opposition. In France, the king put himself above God because he was "chosen" by God to rule. -
Abolition of Mercantilism
King Lois XIV saw that the New France was suffering, its economy or population wasn't developing, and it was dealing with constant Iroquois attacks. To solve this, the King ended the monopolies on New France and placed it under the control of the Minister of Marine. He also sent 1200 trained soldiers from France to protect New France from Native attacks. -
Royal Government
After abolishing mercantilism and putting Jean-Baptiste Colbert in charge of the colony, the king and minister decided to implement a Royal Government. Under this government, the King oversaw culture events and exercised control over the Church. -
The Influence of Catholicism on Culture
The Catholic Church was very powerful in New France. People did what the Church wanted because they didn't want to be excommunicated. Priests were in charge of parishes, priests tried to convert natives, nuns worked in hospitals and schools, potential priests were trained in seminaries and the Church got their money from the Church tax (tithe). Religion was central to most peoples lives. Artistic productions commonly involved religious symbols. -
The Independent Spirit and Adaptability of the Canadiens
Settlers were very happy but had to work hard. Because the colony wasn't developing people became self-dependant. Life differed from France where there was a massive number of poor people starving. They developed their own culture because they were far from France and were influenced by Native traditions and life-styles. -
Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and social philosophy that advocates the freedom of the individual and parliamentary systems of government. In other words, liberalism allows people to be who they want to be and choose their representatives in government. -
Imperialism
A political and social philosophy that advocates the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government and the government guarantees the individuals civil liberties. Liberal ideas were defused through newspapers and led to the development of parliamentarism. -
Ultramontanism
Favours increasing the power and authority of the Church and Pope. Advocates absolute obedience to the Roman Catholic Church. The Church seeks to spread its influence in all spheres of society. -
Anticlericalism
Anticlericalism opposed the influence of the Clergy or the church in society. Opposed Ultramontanism and advocated fro the separation of state and Church. Promoted a more democratic regime. -
Imperialism
Imperialism is the policy of extending the power of an empire by acquiring and holding colonies. British imperialism was spread through newspapers and stories. Le Devoir was created in Quebec to protest against imperialism. Imperialists in Canada were loyal to Great Britain. -
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system in which individuals or corporations own a single business, and spread the wealth of the company between themselves. Under capitalism, it's easy to start a business or become poor, free to do whatever you’d like and the state stays out of your business. This influenced the construction of buildings by capitalists who form part of our architectural heritage. -
Socialism
Socialism is a social organization that advocates for the people to own and control production and distribution of goods. This idea was created because people were questioning the spread of capitalism through labour movements and independent magazines. -
Feminism
The advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes. Woman had very hard lives because they married young and had multiple children. They had long days at work and at home and earned less than men. After World War One, women were put in factories since men were in Europe and obtained the right to vote for their husbands in 1917 then all women in 1918. As the power of the Church weakened women became more equal with men. -
Americanism
The influence of American culture trends in Canada such as dance and music which was spread through films, radio and television. To counter American influences, the Church spread ideas of traditionalism through music, media and education. -
Agriculturism
Agriculturism supported farmers and their rural lives. Books were published to make people believe that the perish life was ideal. This created community groups such as Le Cercle des Fermières. -
Fascism
Fascism is the idea that one person should control the entire country. Dictators normally rule threw the use of force and propaganda. This form of government adopted in Spain and Italy, but most notably in Germany by Adolf Hitler. -
French-Canadian Nationalism
French Canadian Nationalists did not support Great Britain and wanted to protect French interests like language education and rights. Interests were spread through newspapers. -
English-Canadian Nationalism
English Canadian Nationalists liked their English ways and wanted to support there mother country, Britain, but they wanted Canada to operate independently. -
Cooperatism
Companies that are controlled by multiple people. These people can only sell and buy products from their company to assure a profit, mostly used by farmers. Les Caisses Populaires and the Catholic Union of Cultivators are some examples -
Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism advocates the removal of state from several spheres from society and is against socialist groups who want more governmental intervention. Neoliberalist's want the government to get their hands off their lives. -
Laicism
Laicism is the nonclerical control of social and political institutions in a society. The church was very powerful and controlled various hospitals and universities such as the McGill and Bishops. This helped develop a new artistic creation that resembled real life and moved away from religious works. -
Aboriginalism
Aboriginalism is Native claims for ancestral rights and recognition of their aboriginal identity through traditional culture. There have been many aboriginal such as the Oka Crisis in 1990 when the Mohawks established road blocks to their reserve in Oka. This conflict resulted in the death of one Canadian soldier.
