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Period: Nov 2, 1500 to
Culture and Current of Thought
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Nov 3, 1500
first occupants- forms of expression or cultural manifestations
SPIRITUALITY:
-shamanism
-myths and legends
-dreamcatchers SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
-respect for elders
-traditions
-freemdom of actions (no written laws or private property) NATURE
-animism (all living things have souls and are respected)
-circle of life COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE
-oral traditions (they were illerate)
-song and dance
-ceremonies -
French Regime
INFLUENCE OF IDEAS ON CULTURAL EXPRESSION (expression of different ideas)
-influenced by the Divine Right of Kings (King had total power)
-Catholicism
-indpendent spirit
-adaptability of the Canadiens MERCANTILISM TO ROYAL GOVERNMENT
-Kings oversee cultural events
-kings exercise control over the Church -
Catholicism
CATHOLICISM: The influence of Catholicism on culture. You did what the Church wanted or else you excommunicated. -
Religion in New France
-priests were in charge of finding cures to diseases
-priests were working as missionaries (people who try to convert Natives to Catholicism)
-Nuns were working in hospitals
-Nuns were working in schools
-Potential priests were trained in a seminary. Only the smartest boys were sent there. (to support this financially, the Church imposed a Church tax called tithe)
-Religion was central in the populations' lives. -
Religion in New France pt.2
-The Church spread its ideas by controlling education in the colony. (it was very biased and religion-based)
-Education was only for boys, which were the next generation of priests.
-Marguerite Bourgeoys established the first school in New France. -
Life in New France
-It was self-dependant because it wasn't really developing settlers (they took care of themselves and solved their own problems) -
Liberalism (british rule)
LIBERALISM: A political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual. -
Ultramontanism (British Rule)
ULTRAMONTANISM: Policy of the party in the Roman Catholic Church that favours increasing the power and authority of the pope. -
The three levels of Government
-Federal
-Provincial
-Municipal Each level has three types of functions: -Executive: Makes decisions about adminstration, power held by the cabinet (federal)
-Legislative: Makes laws, and imposes taxes. Power held by the House of Commons (federal)
-Judicial: Ensures laws are applied, Judges are appointed by the cabinet for life (federal) -
Anticlericalism (Britsh Rule)
ANTICLERICALISM: Do not want members of the clergy involved in social and political affairs. (When the Church of members of the Catholic clergy does not have any influence of on political or social affairs) -
Imperialism (British Rule)
IMPERIALISM: Policy of when the mother country dictates the colony on what to do. -
Capitalism (Contemporary period)
-Economic system in which investment and ownership of the means of production, distribution, exchange of wealth is made and maintained by private individals. -Diffusion of capitalist ideas (principles of private property) through the mainstream press owned business men. -
Socialism
SOCIALISM: A theory or system of social organization that supports the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution of capital, land, etc... in the community as a whole.
(The community as a whole should own or regulate means of production, distribution, and exchange.) -
Agriculturism
AGRICULTURISM the push to support farmers/farming.
-It is a more "traditional" current of thought, as opposed to a modern one.
-Does not encourage any progression in society. -
French-Canadian Nationalism
FRENCH -CANADIAN NATIONALISM:
-anti-loyalty to Britain
-Did not want to support Britain
-Wanted to protect French interests (language, education, rights)
-Views were spread via newspapers (Le Devoir, Henri Bourassa) -
English-Canadian Nationalism
ENGLISH-CANADIAN NATIONALISM:
-Liked the English way (language, politics)
-Wanted to support Britain but also wanted Canada to operate independently. -
Laicism
LAICISM: Nonclerical, or secular, control of political and social insitutions in a society.
(They don't want the Church to be near or have any influence on politics and social institutions.) -
Cooperatism (co-ops)
COOPERATISM (CO-OPS): Business owned by many people, which are the users of that company)
-It is a non-capitalist current of thought -
Fascism
FASCISM: The idea that a dictator, a single person, should control the entire country.
-Normally rule through propaganda and force (Ex: Adolf Hitler)
-Adopted in Spain and Italy, but was brought to an extreme in Germany by the Nazi's, lead by Adolf Hitler. -
Feminism
FEMINISM: when women sould be equal to men in terms of political, social, and economic affairs. ROLE OF WOMEN
-Women had a hard life, married young, produced many children (over 10 was the norm)
-They were forced to do what their husbands wanted
-long days of work, at home and in some factories
-They often did the worst jobs
-Few rights, little education (no voting)
-The only escape was to become a nun (to get out of being married) -
Feminism pt. 2
-WWI opened things up for women. All menwere at war, women started working in factories and saw services as nurses. RESULTS
-Women get the right to vote in Federal election (On behalf of their husbands in 1917)
-In 1918, they got to vote independently. -
Americanism
AMERICANISM: The influence of The United States of America on Canada.
-Very high in the media sector (American culture) -
Neoliberalism
NEOLIBERALISM: New wave of liberalism where the government does not intervene in society.
-no state intervention
-Opposed to socialism (Socialists wanting to maintain intervention of the state) -
Aboriginalism
ABORIGINALISM: Claims for ancestral rights and reognition of aboriginal identity through tradition culture (writings, music, education, etc...) (a view of aboriginal cultures as being primitive and exotic, and having little to do with the modern world)
