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1500
Spirituality in Natives
The natives believed in spirituality. They had Shamans who intercept dreams and were responsible for understand their meaning These Shamans were also doctors and they would have plants give them medicine so they could heal others, they would also have masks for healing purposes as well. They also had dream catchers which would catch bad dreams and release them as morning came. but caught good dreams which could be used for the following night. -
Period: 1500 to
Culture and Current Thoughts
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1505
Animism
The natives believed in Animism. This was treating all animals with respect and just in general nature itself. They believed that all living things had a soul. When they kill an animal they don't just eat they worship the animal and thank it for letting them eat. -
1510
Communication and exchange
Since reading and writing wasn't a thing. The natives sent all their messages orally. They would speak with each other. Other times they would sing and dance because songs were easier to remember than straight up words. So that was another way of doing it. Nations would also exchange items to other nations to symbolize something as in peace.. -
Cultural interactions between the natives and the french.
The interaction was mostly changing the Amerindians. The natives would trade for metallic items. This changed the lifestyle of some Amerindians. The French considered the Natives culture as simplistic and archaic. So they sent missionaries to convert the Natives to Christianity. Over time Amerindians centered their activities around fur trade. They slowly gave up their culture and conformed to the European way. On the other hand some french were fascinated by the Amerindian culture. -
The divine right of kings.
The divine right of Kings was to abolish mercantilism and monopoly and adapt the royal government. All the kings went with this. King Louis the 14th gave himself absolute power meaning that he put himself above god. When the colonies were not doing so good he sent over a bunch of soldiers to help out. When he established the royal government he had a minister of marine to tell him about the colony. The king and the church worked with each other, so they both had high power. -
Political Situation in New France.
In New France, the companies who held monopoly were not doing what they were supposed to do, in developing New France, they were pretty much destroying it. When the King realized this he abolished these companies and put a minister of Marines in charge of New France. This was the same time as the royal government. The Minister of Marine would have someone go to the colonies and report back to him, so the Minister could report to the king. -
Catholicism
The Church was very important and it pretty much ran people's lives. They made everyone go to Church on Sundays. They ran the schools and Hospitals. They had missionaries converting people to their religion. They got very rich by taxing people. They also played a key role in defining the way people acted and what people put in their homes. Being excommunicated was awful, you couldn't socialize with anyone and you were self supporting. The Church was very powerful at the time. -
Life in New France
Life in New France was for some better than France, so in general very happy, but it was very hard working. They had to care for crops, make clothing and prepare for winter was always very tough. At the time New France was not really developing so all the settlers became independent and self sufficient and they were able to care for themselves. Life in New France was you were either very rich or very poor. By 1760 these people became so distinct from New France they became Canadian and stayed. -
Nobility in New France
There were three types of people in New France rich, middle, and poor. The Rich were the nobility and Elite. These were the people who were related to the king or just had a lot of money. They normally would just associate with each other and sometimes the middle class. The Middle class were the Bourgeoisie these people were in charge of the church or in charge of a certain seigneur. Then we had the poor who were the farmers and they farmed all day and really just associated with each other. -
Liberalism
Liberalism is basically, having the ability to run you're own life. That the church and the government won't interfere and tell you how to live. An example of this would be instead of having a monarchy we could vote for whoever we want to be our leader, or if you want to open up a business next to a competitor you can. Basically here in Canada today we live in that society. -
Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism is when you are very loyal to the pope and you want to give all authority to them. These people have absolute obedience towards the church and they want their lives to be evolved and base around the church. The church themselves also seek to do these things. The church want to control peoples social and religious lives and with some it works. -
Anticlericalism
anti-clericalism is the opposite of Ultramontanism. These people don't favor the church. They only want the church to only influence and to have public affairs in a religious way. These people don't want the church to take control of the their lives in a social and political manor. Today we have this the church is only in control in a religious perspective. -
Imperialism
Imperialism is when you are very loyal to you're mother country. For example Canada to Britain. You want to give and push all authority and power to the mother country. People do this by newspaper and and stories. Although there have been newspapers that pushed against this for example Le Devoir. -
Capitalism
Capitalism is when you want to run you're own business in a private manor. You don't want the government to interfere or be a part of you're doings. You want production to be yours. There ways of distributing these capital ideas through the press owned by these businessmen. Many buildings and homes are constructed through the private businesses. -
Nationalism
Nationalism is the opposite of imperialism. Britain as an example of imperialism. They wanted the people in their colonies to obey Britain, but this wasn't always the case. All the Canadians don't know what the mother country is like, so they don't care about it. Nationalism is obedience towards you're own country. In french cases if you were a french nationalist you only cared about Quebec, and not Canada as a whole. -
Influence of the church in the 19th century.
After 1837 the bishops of the church became more and more powerful, and the cures were the most important in the parish. The church was at this point still in charge of ceremonies such as births, marriages and funerals. They were in charge of education. At this point branches of Christianity happened such as protestant. This religion is much less strict and was created because a king wanted to be able to divorce his wife. -
Feminism before WW1
Before WW1 being a women was hard. First of all women didn't go to school the only way to read and write was through tutoring only if you had the money. You were forced to do as you're husband told you. Men could legally beat and rape their wives. Women were influenced to have many children so being pregnant all the time was hard. They had no rights, couldn't vote and they had the worst jobs. They were stuck at home caring for the kids and cleaning and cooking. The only escape was to be a nun. -
feminism after WW1
The roles of women changed during and after the war, because all the men were at war the women starting doing more things. They were able to work in the factories and were able to vote in place for their husbands. Eventually more women started pushing for their rights and people saw their capability, so more rights were opened to them. They gained federal vote in 1918 and later on during the century provincial votes. -
Cooperatism
Cooperatism is the start of many different groups who favor equality and collaboration. Some examples of these groups would be american unions to fight for better jobs, like Knights of labor and the catholic union of cultivators. In the 1930's the government and the clergy promoted cooperative movement to try to stop socialism. a social and economic movement would tie into the creation of cooperative movement. Agriculture also took off from Cooperatism as well. -
Fascism
Fascism is the idea that a dictator should be in control of a country. That one person should have all power. Usually a dictator becomes what he is throughout propaganda (lies). Dictatorship originated in Spain and Italy, but was brought into extreme measures in Germany by Hitler. In the 1930's many french Canadians idolized fascism and were rooting with Hitler. They founded a fascist in which attracted several hundreds of people. -
Americanism
America is one of the most if not the most well-known country in the world. Therefore they have many influences on others, outside their country in terms of their culture. Many people watch american movies, TV shows and listen to their songs. The Church doesn't like these influences because they counter their influences. Therefore the church tries to regain people through their own traditional catholic culture. -
The secularization movement.
After the second world war the church was strongly contested. While many defended the church like Duplessis. Others in rural areas respected this decision, but still felt let down and started supporting liberal ideas. They still wanted the church to withdraw from educational and hospital care. In 1948 16 artists and intellectuals including Emile Bourdais denounced the church and removed their of health and school. -
Quebec neonationalism
After the 1950's nationalism changed. The traditional ways were criticized and transformed into federalism and Neo-nationalism. Federalism includes keeping Quebec within Canada. It was founded by members of a magazine called cite libre. Neo-Nationalism favors keeping the autonomy of Quebec and its independence and was supported mainly by intellectuals and journalists. -
Globalization
During the recession in the 1980's, there was a new current thought called Neo-liberalism, emerged in Canada and Quebec. These thoughts included free market, free trade and a free enterprise. The federal and provincial governments introduced policies including cutting back on social support and economic aid. They did this by ridding the government of certain grants. In reaction some groups called on negative effects of globalization and wanted back state intervention. -
Aboriginalism
Aboriginalism started is going back to the roots of North America. People going back to the morals and values of the aboriginal people. These people also had some issues. The government permitted a golf course being built on their land. So the natives took action and blocked reserves outside Oka and this got so serious that the Canadian army had to step in and shut the whole thing down. This stand-off lasted 78 days until an agreement came to order.
