Culture and Currents of th

Social Relationships of Natives

Oct 28, 1500

They considered everyone equal. Everyone had freedom of actions, there were no written laws and no private property, anything was yours and you only possessed what was necessary. They respected the elders because they were very important in the transfer of traditions. Children were rarely punished and learned by experience.

Treatment of Nature of Natives

Oct 28, 1500

Natives believed in animalism, they had a very deep respect for nature and that believed that all living things have souls. They believed in the circle of life where everything works in relation to each other.

Communication and Exchange between Natives

Oct 28, 1500

The Europeans did not recognize that the Amerindians had culture. The natives passed their traditions on orally from generation to generation. They help lots of ceremonies and had ritual songs and dances that went along with the ceremonies.

Spirituality of Natives

Oct 28, 1500

Shamans communicated with the spirits through ritual sweat lodges. They interpreted dreams and they were also the doctors, because of their knowledge of plants that helped them heal people. Their spirituality is expressed in their beliefs. They considered their dreams to be visions of the future and they made dreamcatchers to catch them. They also had lots of myths and legends that shaped their beliefs.

Culture and Currents of Thought

Period: Oct 28, 1500 to Oct 29, 2016

Excommunication from the Church

Oct 28, 1663

Excommunication means that you are kicked out of the catholic church.These people normally die or they move.They can no longer trade or talk (help each other) to anyone who is still a member of the church because the church won't allow it. Seigneurs would probably kick you out of your land and you would have to head west and restart. Not going to church, saying bad things about the church or going against the bible can get you excommunicated. You did what the church told you to do or you're out

Church's influence on education (New France)

Oct 28, 1663

Religion ran schools. You went to school based on your religion. They wanted to control schools so that they could control what the children were learning. The curriculum was based on what the bible said (earth was flat, etc). Also, they could push the best male students to become priests and go to seminaries (special schools for priests). Girls had a choice, they could either get married or become a nun and go to a nun school.

Church's influence on art (New France)

Oct 28, 1663

Artistic productions were influenced by religion (paintings, sculptures, etc.) Artists were not allowed to just paint a tree, it had to have some kind of god or religious symbol because everything revolved around religion.

Life in New France

Oct 28, 1663

Settlers/habitants had happy lives but it was physically hard labor.There was endless work(no holidays or sick days)including crops,making clothes,fixing tools and preparing for winter.Neighbours normally worked together and kids worked as well.NF was not really developing,so settlers became self-dependent and took care of themselves(autonomous)no one to rely on and no one relying on them.They were known as Canadien.They stayed in NF after the British conquest because the land is what they knew.

Social Classes

Oct 28, 1663

Nobility/Elite: Governor, wealthy, tied to royalty, very few, wealth passed down, considered themselves better because they were naturally wealthy and didn't have to work for it.
Middle class/Bourgeoisie(More with top): Seigneneurs (more with bottom), bourgeoisie were self made, they had no money passed down, they started their own business and became wealthy
Peasants/Habitant: Farmers, censitaires

The greater independence of people in New France

Oct 28, 1663

This happened for numerous reasons;
1. Distance from France, the king exercised less control
2. Contract with the aboriginals, development of the independent spirit and a sense of freedom. No police so they often did what they wanted. Many worked with or lived with the natives.
3. Chose their own way of live (whatever you want, luxury you wouldn't have in France)

Church's influence on lives (New France)

Oct 28, 1663

The church played a very important role in defining morally acceptable behaviour. If you didn't behave ho they wanted you would be severely punished therefore most were good. The Church spread their ideas by controlling education in the colony. Marguerite Bourgeoys established the first school. Church was an all day affair, there was so so so so many churches in this time. The farmers lived by the churches laws and rules since they didn't have any laws or rules in the region.

Divine Right of Kings

Oct 28, 1663

The divine right of kings is absolute power of the king. The king had complete power, he could do literally whatever he wanted. He probably had mistresses, the wife may even have known about them but she still couldn't do anything due to the fact that the king was superior to everything and everyone. The king is said to be chosen by god therefore he is above the church.

Catholicism

Oct 28, 1663

Religion that was extremely powerful in the French Regime. It has much less influence. Now, it only controls religion. Natives today are still greatly French even though they started out having their own religion.

Church's influence on lives (New France)

Oct 28, 1663

The Church had an enormous influence during the french regime on everything.They were in charge of evangelization, hospitals, education and charities (4 main).Priests were in charge of parishes, priests worked as missionaries (conversions), nuns worked in hospitals, nuns worked in schools, charities were to help the less fortunate, potential priests (the smart kids) were trained at a seminary, money to make all this happen was from the church tax called tithe, religion was central to most lives

King Louis the 14th

Oct 28, 1663

King Louis the 14th is extremely important for New France.He was gaining control in Europe but the colony of NF was still at risk; its economy and population were still not developing and it was dealing with constant iroquois attacks.Louis took multiple measures in order to gain control of New France; 1.He sent professional soldiers to New France just to make sure everyone knew that France was in control 2.He ended mercantilism and installed the Royal Government. (he also brought in Jean Talon)

Royal Government

Oct 28, 1663

The Royal Government was installed in 1663 by King Louis the 14th, it now ran the colony instead of the companies. It consisted of 3 members;
1 The intendant
2 The gouverner
3 The bishop

Difference between France and New France population

Oct 31, 1663

In france, there was the rich and a huge amount of the poor/starving people. In New France, the rich and the poor stuck together because there wasn't enough people to have different groups. They were much more accepting of each other, if the rich didn't talk to the poor they wouldn't talk to anyone.

Liberalism

Oct 31, 1760

A system of government that grants the freedom of the individual. It is a non violent modification of political, social or economic institutions to assure development in all aspects of our lives and to guarantee individual rights and civil liberties. They diffused liberal ideas by newspapers and their ideas were reflected in architecture.

Ultramontanism

Oct 31, 1760

Opposite of anticlericalism
Believes that the pope/church can and should control every single part of everyone's lives. They think that everyone should follow the Catholic religion extensively. The church wants to extend its influence in every aspect of life (social, political, cultural, etc.)

Anticlericalism

Oct 31, 1760

Opposite of ultramontanism
Believe that the church should have no say or control in anything in people's lives other than church life itself. Advocating of the separation of church and the state (like today). They want a more democratic regime where everyone has a say not just the king and the church.

Imperialism

Nov 22, 1760

Opposite of nationalism
In love with your mother country and want them to maintain control of their colonies (rules and influence). Want to extend the rule of authority of an empire or nation (like France) over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies (New France). Spread ideas in newspapers and series. Protests against it

Imperialism

Oct 31, 1867

Opposite of nationalism
In love with your mother country and want them to maintain control of their colonies (rules and influence). Want to extend the rule of authority of an empire or nation (like France) over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies (New France). Spread ideas in newspapers and series. Protests against it

The governments functionality

Oct 31, 1867

The government was a constitutional monarchy (queen and governor general have only symbolic power). They had a parliamentary democracy where laws must be passed through the parliament whose members are elected. The 3 levels of the government are Federal (Canada), Provincial (Quebec) and Municipal (Beaconsfield). Each level has 3 functions; Executive (makes decision about administration, rich businessmen), Legislative (makes laws and imposes taxes, farmers) and Judicial (ensures laws are applied)

The Government Levels and Functions

Oct 31, 1867

Three levels of Government: Federal (Canada, countries), Provincial (Quebec, provinces), Municipal (Beaconsfield, cities), each level has three types of functions
Executive: Makes decisions about administration, power held by cabinet (federal). Rich businessmen
Legislative: Makes or amends laws, and imposes taxes. Power held by the House of Commons (federal) farmers
Judicial: Ensures laws are applied, Judges are appointed by the cabinet (federal)

Capitalism

Oct 31, 1867

Economic system where you are free to create your own wealth.E.S in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations,opposed to state-owned wealth.Capitalists constructed buildings that are part of our architectural heritage.Capitalist ideas were diffused through press owned by businessmen.Control of themselves.Capitalists were the people with the money.

Socialism

Oct 31, 1867

A system of social organization where the community decides what needs to be done. It advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution of capital, land, etc. in the community, not the government. They question the movement of capitalism through labour movements, student movements and independent magazines.

Agriculturism

Oct 31, 1867

Push to support farmers/farming. Very important in the 50's under Maurice Duplessis. He strongly supported agriculturist, he liked farmers, he brought electricity to rural areas and he made Quebec's #1 industry agriculture. Validation of rural, community and parish life in novels and creation of community groups, spread ideas through magazines.

Nationalism

Oct 31, 1867

Devotion to one's own nation and it's interests over all other nations.In Canada, there were 2 types of nationalists, the French-Canadian nationalism and the english-Canadian nationalism. FC nationalists wanted to protect french rights and supported Quebec becoming independent. EC nationalists wantedCanada to be independent but also supported Britain.

Laicism

Oct 31, 1867

Policy where it is believed that the church should not have control over political or social institutions but should maintain their influence on the people (good values).

Cooperatism

Oct 31, 1867

A group of people that band together to control the business and who favour equality and collaboration. Collective owners of a co-op make it much easier to get money for themselves since they are all together so less competition. Most popular co-op at the time was banks.

Fascism

Oct 31, 1867

Idea that a dictator should control the entire control, rule through the use of force/propaganda (ex: Hitler). Similar to dictatorship.

Americanism

Oct 31, 1867

Influence of american culture on Canada through dance, music, food, clothing, etc. All lifestyle aspects, through films, radio, and television. To counter American influences, the church spreads ideas of traditions catholic culture through music, media and education.

Aboriginalism

Oct 31, 1867

Want ancestral rights and recognition of aboriginal identity through traditional culture. Trying to gain back their rights

Influence of the Church

Oct 31, 1900

After 1837 the bishops became more powerful and the cures became the most important person in the parish. The Church was still in charge of registering births, marriages, deaths (now it’s the government). They control education (Laval University 1852)
They ran orphanages, shelters, charities, Religious festivals and missions. Catholic Church attendance was very high, Protestants were divided. Ministers still influential but not as powerful as the church. Picture is Laval University in 1852

Influence of the Church

Nov 22, 1900

The protestant/english Universities were McGill(1821) and Bishops(1843) and the catholic/french university was Laval University (1852). Quebec was still majority catholic.
Denunciation by artists and intellectuals (Le Refus Global) of the grip of the Catholic Church in all spheres of society, started to thin they didn't need the church. Artists developed a new style of art where they could show more realistic live and didn't involve religion in their productions. Picture is McGill 1821

Feminism

Oct 31, 1950

A social movement in which women fight for suffrage and social/economic/political equality. Women had a hard life, married young, produced many children, answered to their husbands, long days of work with the worst jobs and worst pay, no rights and little education. They were not allowed to vote (until 1918, voted for their husbands in 1917 while they were at war) or go to higher education (until 50's).

Neoliberalism

Oct 31, 1960

Promotes the freedom of individuals and equality among everyone without the government's involvement. Wave of nationalism.

Feminism

Nov 17, 1960

It wasn't until WW1 that things opened up for them (all the men were at war and they needed workers). Women claim for equality in plays, magazines and feminism artists. In the 60's things started to change for them

Native issues

Oct 31, 1990

The Oka Crisis happened when a golf course wanted to expand into the land of the native people.The natives obviously didn't want this to happen so they set up road blocks so that no one could pass through their land.The Canadian army was called in to stand up against the Mohawk warriors and their "army".It lasted 78 days and never got physical but the issues remained and the golf course wasn't built.The Charlottetown Accord was then created to deal with these issues but, the issues remain today.