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Francis Galton
His research suggests that intelligence is passed down through genetics and natural selection -
Alfred Binet
He released the first intelligence test which would later become known as the Sanford-Binet IQ Test because of Lewis Terman, and is still used today. -
Lewis Terman
Known as the "Father of gifted education", Terman published the Sanford-Binet intelligence test which gave educators the first objective test for placing students based on their abilities. -
Leta Hollingworth
She believed that gifted students were not living up to their potential in the general education classroom. So she made the first gifted education classroom as well as a school for gifted children. -
Calvin Taylor
Calvin taylor created the multiple-talent totem pole theory. This theory suggests that most students have talent to a certain degree and if that talent is focused on then the student will be able to learn and grow. These talents include academic, creative, planning, communicating, forecasting, decision making, implementing, human relations, and discerning opportunities. -
Howard Garnder
Garnder thoery of multiple (eight) intelligences suggested that learning should be tailored to the student's strengths as people have more than just logical intelligence. -
Joseph Renzulli
He created the theory of "Three Ring Conception of Giftedness". He theorized that gifted individuals possesed 3 basic traits. These included above average ability, task commitment, and creativity. -
Richard Sternberg
His theory suggested that there were three forms of intelligence, which were analytical, practical, and creative intelligence. -
Francois Gagne
He differentiated the terms "talented" and "gifted" where gifted was ones natural talent and talent was the skills one learns over the course of time. To be considered gifted a person has to be in the top 10% of both. -
Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray
They published a book that correlated IQ to personal values and success while ignoring logical intelligence. -
Donna Ford
Focused on promoting multicultural education as well as identifying gifted, black students due to theunderrepresentation of black students in gifted programs. -
Abraham Tannenbaum
Tannenbaum theorized that there were 5 traits that lead to giftedness. These included superior general intellect, strong special aptitudes, supportive non-intellective traits, a challenging and supportive environment, and chance. This theory suggests that not only does a students knowledge determine if they will be gifted but also the environment that they grow up in.