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Chisholm v. Georgia
This court case inspired the 11th Amendment after the Supreme Court decided in a case where a citizen sued the state of Georgia. The Court decided they should not waste their time listening to every case against a state, therefore establishing the 11th Amendment to give that jurisdiction to the states. -
The 11th Amendment
This amendment made it so that cases where a citizen sued another state would be under state jurisdiction (no longer federal). -
The Election of 1800
In the election of 1800, Thomas Burr and Thomas Jefferson received the same amount of votes after running on the same ticket. This created confusion and a need to change the electoral process, resulting in the 12th Amendment. -
The 12th Amendment
Passed in 1804, this amendment changed the electoral process and made separate ballots for president and vice president. -
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The Temperance Movement
This movement was an organized social movement to first limit, and later ban the consumption of alcohol in the U.S. It began early in the 19th century and continued to gain support throughout the early 20th century. They believed alcohol was the root of the "evils" in society and considered the passing of the 18th Amendment a win. -
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The Suffrage Movement
The Women's Suffrage Movement was a social movement that fought for women's right to vote. It began with the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 and gained support throughout the 19th and early 20th century until its' end in 1919 with the passing of the 19th Amendment. -
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The Civil War
The American Civil War was fought between the Union, consisting of northern states, and the Confederacy, consisting of southern states who seceded from the Union. Differing views on state's rights and slavery were big factors in the cause of the war, but the Union's win lead to the birth of the 13th, 14, and 15th Amendments. -
The 13th Amendment
This amendment banned slavery in all states and territories except when used as a punishment for a crime. -
The 14th Amendment
This amendment defined citizenship as those born or naturalized in the U.S. and ensured states could not pass laws to discriminate against citizens. It also got rid of the 3/5 clause and ensured that Confederates could not hold office or be owed debts. -
The 15th Amendment
Passed in 1870, this amendment stated no state could deny the right to vote to citizens because of race, color, or former condition of servitude. -
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. was a landmark case where in a 5-to-4 decision, the Supreme Court decided against a federal income tax set by the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act. The debate over federal income tax continued until the ratification of the 16th Amendment, which superseded this case. -
The 16th Amendment
This amendment allowed the federal government to charge a federal income tax. -
The 17th Amendment
The 17th Amendment changed the process for electing senators. Originally, state legislatures would elect senators but this amendment gave voting rights for senators to the people. -
The 18th Amendment
Passed in 1919, this amendment prohibited all manufacturing, transporting, and selling of alcohol. -
The 19th Amendment
This amendment gave women 21 years or older the right to vote. It stated the government could not deny voting rights based on sex. -
The 21st Amendment
Passed in 1933, this amendment repealed the 18th Amendment, the prohibition of alcohol. -
The 20th Amendment
This amendment limited lame duck sessions by changing the inauguration date for the President, Senate, and the House from March to January. -
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F.D.R.'s Time in Office
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President of the United States from 1933 to 1945. With his forth term win in the election of 1944 and then his death in 1945, many reconsidered the idea of a long-term president, leading to setting term limits with the 22nd Amendment. -
The 22nd Amendment
The 22nd Amendment set a term limit for the President: no more than 2 full terms or 10 yrs as President. -
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The Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement was a social movement that fought for equal rights under U.S. law for African Americans. Their goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination. This movement ultimately lead to the 24th Amendment and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
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The Vietnam War
The U.S. allied with South Vietnam to fight the communist North Vietnam. This war was unpopular with Americans and lead many to argue that if 18 yr olds could fight and sometimes die for their country, they should have the right to vote for the leaders of the country who are sending them to war. This debate sparked the birth of the 26th Amendment. -
The 23rd Amendment
Ratified in 1961, this amendment gave voting rights to the citizens of Washington D.C. However, they were only granted voting rights for President; they still have no representation in the House or Senate. -
The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy
After the death of President J.F.K., chaos ensued about who would take office after rumors spread that the vice president was also injured. These circumstances accelerated the need for clarification on the line of succession, established with the 25th Amendment. -
The 24th Amendment
Passed in 1964, this amendment banned poll taxes, which were used to limit the right to vote. -
The 25th Amendment
Ratified in 1967, the 25th Amendment established the line of succession and what would happen if the President was unable to fulfill their duties. -
The 26th Amendment
This amendment lowered the voting age to 18 years old for all U.S. citizens. -
The 27th Amendment
This amendment simply stated that congressional salaries could not be raised until the next congressional session.
