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Period: to
Fast demographic growth.
It was the time when the European population had the highest population density of its history in the world. Mortality fell sharply and fertility increased. -
Period: to
Transoceanic migration
60 million Europeans emigrated to other continents. The cities could not absorb all the rural exodus. The countries most often chosen as destinations were the United States and South America. -
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon.
Socialist philosopher and politician. Was born in French. He criticised the capitalism and the liberal state and defended a social system without state and with a cooperative ownership. Whose doctrines became the basis for the anarchist theory. -
Míjail Bakunin
Revolutionary and policital writer. He was born in Russia. He was one of the founders of Anarchism. Bakunin criticised the capitalism and the liberal state and defended the revolution against the state and the creation of a egalitarian society.His quearrel with Karl Marx split the anarchist and marxist wings of the revolutionary socialist movement for many years after their deaths. -
Karl Marx
Revolutionary thinker and socialist philosophers. His wtitings forme the theorical base for comunism. Max and Engels co-authored "The comunist manifieste" and asserted that all human history had been bassed on class struggles. Hist theories were fundamental for the labor movement. -
Friedich Engels
Socialist philosopher, the closest collaborator of Karl Marx in the foundation of modern communism. Engels edited the second and third volumes of "The capital" after Marx's death. -
Legalization of trade unions.
It was granted the right to workers of form associations to defend their interests. It was first recognized in Britain and then in other European countries during the nineteenth century. -
Labor day.
This day is named after that in 1826 in the United States, workers had started a struggle for a working day of 8 hours. Many workers got their goal with the threat of strike. Those who failed went on strike on May 1. In Chicago, clashes between workers and police were particularly bloody and lasted four days. -
Marxism and Anarquism.
The labor movement is based on two ideologies, Marxism and anarchism, which emerged before the 1848 revolutions. -
"Ensanches"
New neighborhoods, with houses of good quality and all kinds of services, which we call "ensanches" were planned. There lived the bourgeoisie and the middle classes. -
AIT is formed
All the workers organizations in the world attempted to unite their struggles and create the first International Workers Association, which disappeared shortly afterwards by disagreements between anarchists and socialists.
