Confederation

The Rebellions

Jan 1, 1837

• Rebellion between Upper Canada and Lower Canada
• Fought for freedom of prejudice
• Big discrimination against the English minority

The Act of Union

Jan 1, 1840

• Lord Durham made a suggestion to unite Upper Canada and Lower Canada and soon that got agreed on and it happened
• Lord Durham also recommended a responsible government
• Later on Lord Sydenham declares The Act of Union in 1840

Canada

Nov 29, 1841

• Britain creates the United Province of Canada
• No responsible government
• Made up of Upper and Lower Canada

Charlottetown Conference

Sep 1, 1863

-A discussion had already been discussed regarding a Maritime union; (NB.NS and, P.E.I)
-Britain encouraged a Maritime Union between these colonies
-Canadian delegate George Brown spent two days discussing the details of the proposed constitution
-Other Politicians of the Province Canada showed up and asked to join the meeting and talked of a greater union.

Quebec Conference

Oct 10, 1864

• Began on October 10th
• The main source of conflict at this conference was between those who liked and favoured a legislative union
• Ended October 17th
• They agreedto divid the powers between a general parliament and a local provincial legislatures

London Conference

Dec 1, 1866

• The rough draft of the Quebec Resolutions was taken to London England by the leaders of NB,NS and the Province of Canada to be given "Royal Assent" (Permission from Queen Victoria)
• Held in the United Kingdom and began on 4 December 1866
• John A. Macdonald was the chairman of the conference
• It was the final in a series of conferences or debates that led to Canadian confederation in 1867.

Ontario joined Confederation

Jul 1, 1867

• Annoyed with the constant changing of government
• The British North America Act brought together brought together the three provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Canada (which became the provinces of Ontario and Quebec)
• Great dissatisfaction in Ontario with the way the Union, created in 1840, functioned by the 1860's
• The birth of Canada as a nation

Quebec joined Confederation

Jul 1, 1867

• Drive toward Confederation did not primarily come from Quebec
• Only had about 40% of the population of the United Province of Canada
• With George Brown ruling Upper Canada, Quebec felt endangered
• the realization of many losses that made many Quebecers hesitate about Confederation

New Brunswick joined Confederation

Jul 1, 1867

• Settlers were mainly of English, Irish, Scottish and Acadian background
• Although the economy was strong, some people, including the leader of the government Samuel Leonard Tilley, believed that joining Canada would be the best thing for New Brunswick
• Felt it would help provide a larger market for their goods, and a link to the other colonies through the Intercolonial Railway
• Thought that the powerful United States would want to expand northward into New Brunswick

Nova Scotia Joined the Confederation

Jul 1, 1867

• People in this prosperous colony had different opinions about Confederation
• Each side had a leader who did what he thought was right for the future of Nova Scotia
• The leader of the government Charles Tupper believed that joining Canada would be good for Nova Scotia
• Joseph Howe was against Confederation, and believed that the people of the colony were against it also
• Howe was right. In the next federal election Nova Scotians voted against Confederation

All of Canada was formed

Jul 1, 1867

-Three British colonies became four provinces of the new dominion
- Existing United Province of Canada was divided into the new provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and two other colonies, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, also became provinces of the new Dominion of Canada
- Canada is a federal state

Manitoba joined Confederation

Jul 15, 1870

• Without joining it they would lack the support of the federal government
• Having the support of the federal government allowed it to have access to funds that would help it thrive
• needed money to help supoport there province
• Métis were afraid that they would lose their rights

Northwest Territories joined Confederation

Jul 15, 1870

• Joined beacsue the Hudson Bay company, that owned those lands, sold them to Canadian Government
• Also joined for the railway offered by Canada
• Did not join until 1873

British Columbia joined Confederation

Jul 20, 1871

• The Fraser River gold rush in 1858 brought many new settlers to B.C.
• Settlers wanted their own provincial government instead of being led by a government appointed by Britain
• Feared the U.S. would want to take over their lands
• Canada promised financial help to build roads and services and a railroad to transport goods and people to and from the East

Prince Edward Island joined Confederation

Jul 1, 1873

• Decided not to join during Confederation because of the strong trading ties to the U.S.
• Afraid they would lose power as the smallest province of Canada
• Afraid that they might join the U.S, Canada once again asked them to join
• They accepted because they were offered help to buy their land from British landowners and to pay their debts for building a railway

Yukon joined Confederation

Jun 13, 1898

• After gold was discovered in the area, Canada sent in the North West Mounted Police to show they controlled the area
• With a growing population the Klondike Gold Rush attracted many Americans
• People feared the U.S would take over if they didnt join
• Gold rush made it a more attractive area than the rest of the Northwest Territories

Saskatchewan joined Confederation

Sep 1, 1905

• Economic change included farming, logging, mining and the railway
• Many people came to this Territory to work in these industries
• They believed they deseved the same government as the other provinces

Alberta joined Confederation

Sep 1, 1905

• Population had grown and the territories were no longer just a fur trade area
• Frederick Haultain was there leader
• Strived for the same government as the other provinces
• with a rising population they wanted to be able to collect taxes to pay for schools and other services

Newfoundland & Labrador

Mar 31, 1949

• Became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31, 1949
• Easternmost province of Canada, situated in the country's Atlantic region
• Home to almost 40 percent of the province's population
• St. John's is the seat of government, home to the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador and the highest court in the jurisdiction

Nunavut joined Confederation

Apr 1, 1999

• It was created separate from The Northwest Territories
• The Inuit Tapirisat were the Inuit group which the Canadian Government negotiated with and then later an agreement was made on April 14th, 1982. ( the creation of a new Territory, we call Nunavut )
• formed from theeastern Arctic portion of he original North-West Territories
• The plebiscite was passed and 7 months later the Canadian Government agreed to a conditional plan.