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600
Gregorian Chant
Gregorian chant is also called plainchant. It is music that is monophonic, which means a melody of one note at a time. It was music of the Catholic Church, so it was ceremonial in purpose. -
992
Guido D’Arezzo
He was an Italian Benedictine monk and musical theorist who constitutes one of the central figures of the music of the Middle Ages along with Hucbaldo. He perfected musical writing with the incorporation of the tetragram, with which the pitches of the sound were set more precisely, a system similar to thescurrent one, as well as the pneumatic notation. -
1098
Hildegard von Bingen
She was a holy Benedictine abbess and German polymath, active as a composer, writer, philosopher, scientist, naturalist, doctor, mystic, monastic leader and prophetess during the Middle Ages. She founded her own abbey, created her own language, and wrote one of the first musical plays. She was a wonderful composer who set her own lushly poetic texts. -
1100
Ars Antiqua
In music history, period of musical activity in 13th-century France, characterized by increasingly sophisticated counterpoint (the art of combining simultaneous voice parts), that culminated in the innovations of the 14th-century Ars Nova (q.v.). -
1135
Bernart de Ventadorn
Was a French poet-composer troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry. He is remembered for his mastery as well as popularization of the trobar leu style, and for his prolific cançons, which helped define the genre and establish the "classical" form of courtly love poetry, to be imitated and reproduced throughout the remaining century and a half of troubadour activity. -
1150
Leonin
He is known for being the first composer of polyphonic music that we can identify by name. Leonin's music was generally in two vocal parts. -
1200
Pérotin
Pérotin (fl. c. 1200) was a composer associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the broader ars antiqua musical style of high medieval music. He is credited with developing the polyphonic practices of his predecessor Léonin, with the introduction of three and four-part harmonies. -
1221
Alfonso X of Castile
He was the king of Aragon and of Navarre from 1104 to 1134. Alfonso was the son of Sancho V Ramírez. He crushed revolts by Muslims and nobles, and he annexed Murcia after repelling an invasion by Morocco, Granada, and Murcia. Alfonso X commissioned or co-authored numerous works of music during his reign. These works included Cantigas d'escarnio e maldicer and the vast compilation Cantigas de Santa Maria, which was written in Galician-Portuguese and figures among the most important of his works. -
1240
Adam de la Halle
He was born in Arras, present-day France, believed to have been in 1240. Author of various poetic compositions within the canons of courtly love (songs, rondhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adam_de_la_Halle_(closeup).pngeaux, jeux partis with another troubadour around themes of love casuistry), for which he wrote the melody . -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the ars nova style in late medieval music. His dominance of the genre is such that modern musicologists use his death to separate the ars nova from the subsequent ars subtilior movement. Machaut embodies the culmination of the poet-composer tradition stretching back to the traditions of troubadour. He contributed to the development of the motet and secular song. -
1320
Ars Nova
A style of music of the 14th century, characterized by great freedom and variety of rhythm and melody contrasted with the strictness of the music of the 13th century. -
1325
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini was an Italian composer, poet, organist, singer and instrument maker who was a central figure of the Trecento style in late Medieval music. One of the most revered composers of the second half of the 14th century, he was by far the most famous composer in Italy. He composed the ballate and madrigals a small number have survived. Landini is assumed to have written his own texts for many of his works. His output, preserved most completely in the Squarcialupi Codex. -
1450
Josquin Lebloitte dit des Prez
Josquin Lebloitte dit des Prez (c. 1450–1455 – 27 August 1521) was a composer of High Renaissance music, who is variously described as French or Franco-Flemish. Considered one of the greatest composers of the Renaissance, he was a central figure of the Franco-Flemish School and had a profound influence on the music of 16th-century Europe. -
1468
Juan del Encina
Juan de Fermoselle, better known as Juan del Encina - in the current spelling of his name - or Juan del Enzina - in the spelling of the time - (July 12, 1468 - León, 1529), was a poet, musician and playwright. of the Spanish Renaissance in the time of the Catholic Monarchs. -
Oct 11, 1483
Martin Lutero
Martin Luther (German, Martin Luther; Germany, November 10, 1483-ibid., February 18, 1546), born Martin Luder, was an Augustinian Catholic theologian, philosopher, and friar who began and promoted the Reformation. Protestant in Germany and whose teachings inspired theological and cultural doctrine... -
1500
Cristóbal de Morales
Cristóbal de Morales (1500-153) was a Spanish catholic priest and chapel teacher being the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonist school and one of the great three, along with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Francisco Guerrero, of the Spanish polyphonic composition of the Renaissance. His music is vocal and sacred, with just a couple of exceptions. His music is vocal and sacred, with just a couple of exceptions. -
1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón (1510 – 1566) was a Spanish Renaissance composer and organist. Blind from childhood, he quickly rose to prominence as a performer and was eventually employed by the royal family. He was among the most important composers of his time and the first major Iberian keyboard composer. -
1525
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594) was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music. The central representative of the Roman School, with Orlande de Lassus and Tomás Luis de Victoria, Palestrina is considered the leading composer of late 16th-century Europe. His works of those years stand out for the clarity achieved, leaving the melody in the hands of the upper voice and precisely adjusting the rhythm of the speech. -
1532
Orlando di Lasso
He (1532-1594) was a composer of the late Renaissance. The chief representative of the mature polyphonic style in the Franco-Flemish school, Lassus stands with William Byrd, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, and Tomás Luis de Victoria as the leading composers of the later Renaissance. Lasso wrote over 2,000 works in all Latin, French, Italian and German vocal genres known in his time. These include 530 motets, 175 Italian madrigals and villanellas, 150 French chansons, and 90 German lieder. -
1533
Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli (ca. 1533 – August 30, 1585) was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. Uncle of perhaps the most famous composer Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
Maddalena Casulana (c. 1544 – †1590) was an Italian composer, violin player and singer of the late Renaissance. She was the first woman composer to have an entire exclusive volume of her music printed and published in the history of Western music. -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
He (1548-1611) was a Catholic priest, chapel teacher and famous polyphonist composer of the Spanish Renaissance. He has been considered one of the most relevant and advanced composers of his time, with an innovative style that announced the imminent baroque. He is one of the best-regarded composers of sacred music in the late Renaissance, a genre to which he devoted himself exclusively. Victoria's music reflected his personality, expressing the passion of Spanish mysticism and religion. -
1557
Giovanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli (ca. 1557 – October 13, 1612) was an Italian composer and organist, born and died in Venice. One of the most influential musicians of his time, he represents the culmination of the Venetian school, framing the transition from Renaissance music to Baroque music. -
1566
Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo (1566-1613) was Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza. He was a great-nephew of Pope Pius IV and nephew of St. Charles Borromeo. Being from a noble family, he studied with the best musicians of his time and came to be considered one of the best lauists of his era. -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi
He is considered the father of modern music, the father of opera and even “the Shakespeare of music.
He composed both secular and sacred music and marked the transition between the polyphonic and madrigal tradition of the 16th century and the birth of lyrical drama and opera in the 17th century. -
Giacomo Carissimi
Giacomo Carissimi (Marino, Rome, baptized April 18, 1605 - Rome, January 12, 1674) was one of the most eminent Italian composers of the early Baroque and one of the main representatives of the Roman School. He was born at Marino, near Rome, in 1604 or 1605. -
Barbara Strozzi
Barbara Strozzi, also called Barbara Valle, (Venice, August 6, 1619 - Padua, November 11, 1677) was an Italian Baroque singer and composer. During her lifetime, she published eight volumes of her own music and had more secular music in print than any other composer of the time. -
Henry Purcell
Purcell's interest in music began when he was a young child. It's said that he began composing at the age of 9. His earliest work was an ode for King Charles' birthday in 1670. -
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi (Venice, March 4, 1678-Vienna, July 28, 1741) was a Venetian Baroque composer, violinist, printer, professor and Catholic priest. He was nicknamed Il prete rosso ("The Red Priest") because he was a priest and had red hair. -
Georg Philipp Telemann
Telemann cultivated almost all musical genres, from opera to oratorios, including concerts, and introduced important innovations that broke habits in the music of that time. He created operas, passions, oratorios and concerts for various instruments. -
Stradivarius
A Stradivari violin is one of the stringed instruments made by members of the Italian Stradivari family, particularly Antonio Stradivari. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) was a German organist and composer whose work is today considered some of the best in baroque music at its peak (around 1600-1750). -
Georg Friedrich Händel
Georg Friedrich Händel, the German composer who conquered England with Italian opera. 336 years have passed since the birth of the musician born in the German city of Halle. However, he continues to be one of the favorites of the European baroque, along with Bach, and one of the most influential in universal music. -
Christoph Willibald Gluck
Christoph Willibald Gluck completely reformed the opera by eliminating the da capo arias, suppressing the extensive dry harpsichord recitatives and replacing them with recitatives accompanied by the orchestra, dispensing with the castrati and giving greater relevance to the plot of the works. -
J. Haydn
was an Austrian composer. He is one of the greatest representatives of the Classical period, in addition to being known as the "father of the symphony" and the "father of the string quartet" thanks to his important contributions to both genres. -
Nannerl Mozart
It was a famous music of the 18th century. She was the older sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and daughter of Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart. -
W.A. Mozart
was an Austrian composer who wrote a wide variety of works, including piano concertos, string quartets, symphonies, operas, and sacred music. -
Maria Theresia Von Paradis
Maria Theresia von Paradis was an Austrian pianist and composer. Although she completely lost her sight from the age of three, this did not prevent the production and work of this great pianist, singer and composer from continuing to stand out. -
Beethoven
Considered one of the most important composers in the history of music for innovating in the creation of symphonies, string quartets, and concertos for piano and orchestra, Beethoven's musical training involved strenuous work since he was a child. -
Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber
Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber was a German romantic composer. -
Rossini
He was an Italian compose, one of the most famous in his time. His operas had lots of new ideas. Rossini made his operas interesting by writing skillfully for the singers, giving them good tunes, as well as giving the orchestra interesting music, and by choosing a variety of stories for his operas. The opera for which he is best known today is the Il Barbiere di Siviglia (The Barber of Seville). Many of the overtures to his operas are played at orchestral concerts. -
Franz Peter Schubert
Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer of the principles of musical Romanticism but, at the same time, a continuator of the classical sonata following the model of Ludwig van Beethoven. -
Schumann
was a German composer, pianist and music critic of the 19th century, considered one of the most important and representative composers of musical Romanticism. -
Hector Berlioz
He was a French composer, critic, and conductor of the Romantic period, known largely for his Symphonie fantastique (1830), the choral symphony Roméo et Juliette (1839), and the dramatic piece La Damnation de Faust (1846).The outstanding characteristics of Berlioz's music—its dramatic expressiveness and variety—account for the feeling of attraction or repulsion that it produces in the listener. -
Mendelssohn
He was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonies, concertos, piano music, organ music and chamber music. His best-known works include the overture and incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream (which includes his "Wedding March"), the Italian Symphony, the Scottish Symphony, the oratorio St. Paul, the oratorio Elijah…Mendelssohn's Songs Without Words are his most famous solo piano compositions. -
Frédéric Chopin
He was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period, who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading musician of his era, one whose "poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation". Chopin's innovative style of composing music was characterized by an emphasis on lyricism, expressive melodies, and a unique approach to harmony. -
Fran Listz
He was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, and teacher of the Romantic period. With a diverse body of work spanning more than six decades, he is considered to be one of the most prolific and influential composers of his era, and his piano works continue to be widely performed and recorded. -
Wagner
He was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Apart from some music that he wrote as a student he wrote ten operas which are all performed regularly in opera houses today. Most of his operas are about stories from German mythology. He always wrote the words himself. -
Verdi
He was an Italian composer of operas.
Verdi and Richard Wagner were the greatest composers of opera in the 19th century although they were completely different from one another. This meant that their operas had beautiful tunes which were written for singers to show off their voices, even if what they sang did not suit the story. During his long life, Verdi changed opera so that it did not have to obey old-fashioned rules. -
Clara Schumann
He was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. Regarded as one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era, she exerted her influence over the course of a 61-year concert career, changing the format and repertoire of the piano recital by lessening the importance of purely virtuosic works. She also composed solo piano pieces, a piano concerto (her Op. 7), chamber music, choral pieces, and songs. -
Bedřich Smetana
He was a Romantic composer. Smetana, Dvořák and Leoš Janáček are the three most famous composers who wrote Czech nationalist music. His music is typical of the Czech people. His eight operas are about Nationalist stories. He wrote six tone poems for orchestra called Ma Vlast which means “My Home Country”. Internationally he is best known for his 1866 opera The Bartered Bride and for the symphonic cycle Má vlast ("My Fatherland"). -
Brahms
Johannes Brahms was a German composer, pianist and conductor of Romanticism, considered the most classical of the composers of that period. Born in Hamburg to a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. -
Musorgski
He was a Russian composer. Mussorgsky is famous for his operas and songs. He discovered new ways of writing for the voice which were very tuneful but which also suited the Russian language. His most famous opera is Boris Godunov. He wrote an overture called Night on a Bald Mountain. Another very famous piece is called Pictures at an Exhibition. -
Piotr Ilich Chaikovski
He was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was just 4 when he began composing. chaikovsky's most popular compositions include music for the ballets Swan Lake (1877), The Sleeping Beauty (1889), and The Nutcracker (1892). He is also famous for the Romeo and Juliet overture (1870) and celebrated for Symphony No. 6 in B Minor (Pathétique) (1893). -
Antonín Dvořák
He was a Czech composer. Along with Smetana and Janáček, Dvorak is one of three famous composers who wrote nationalist Czech music. He wrote chamber music including several string quartets, piano music, songs, operas, oratorios and nine symphonies. The last of his symphonies is known as the New World Symphony because he wrote it in the United States (the “New World”). The slow movement with its solo played on the cor anglais is especially famous. -
Rimski Korsakov
He was a Russian composer. He was one of the most famous composers of his time and influenced a lot of other composers. Like so many Russian composers in the 19th century, he was an amateur composer. His main job was in the navy. His best-known orchestral compositions are Capriccio Espagnol, the Russian Easter Festival Overture, and the symphonic suite Scheherazade. Scheherazade is an example of his frequent use of fairy-tale and folk subjects. -
Edvard Grieg
He was a Norwegian composer and pianist who composed in the Romantic period. He is Norway’s most famous composer. He is best known for his Piano Concerto and for his incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, which includes movements called Aubade and In the Hall of the Mountain King. He wrote many pieces for piano, including a collection of 66 pieces called Lyric Pieces. He also wrote songs to Norwegian and to German words. -
Puccini
He was the most famous Italian opera composer after Verdi. He wrote 16 operas. Most of them are performed very often today. Many of his operatic songs are known by many people, especially the aria Nessun dorma from Turandot which was sung by Luciano Pavarotti for the BBC’s television coverage of the Football World Cup which was held in Italy in 1990. -
Hugo Wolf
Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf was an Austrian composer of Slovenian origin, who lived during the final years of the 19th century in Vienna. An enthusiastic follower of Richard Wagner, he became involved in the disputes existing in Vienna at that time between Wagnerians and Formalists or Brahmsians. -
Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler was an Austro-Bohemian composer and conductor whose works are considered, along with those of Richard Strauss, the most important of post-Romanticism. In the first decade of the 20th century, Gustav Mahler was one of the most important orchestra and opera conductors of his time. -
Debussy
Achille Claude Debussy was a French composer, one of the most influential of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some authors consider him the first impressionist composer, although he categorically rejected the term. -
Jean Sibelius
He was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and early-modern periods. He is widely regarded as his country's greatest composer, and his music is often credited with having helped Finland develop a stronger national identity when his country was struggling from several attempts of Russification in the late 19th century. The core of his oeuvre is his set of seven symphonies. His other best-known compositions are Finlandia, the Karelia Suite, Valse triste, the Violin Concerto and Kullervo. -
Schönberg
Arnold Schönberg was an Austrian composer, music theorist and painter of Jewish origin. Since he immigrated to the United States in 1934, he adopted the name Arnold Schoenberg, and that is how he often appears in English-language publications around the world. -
Ravel
Joseph Maurice Ravel was a 20th century French composer. His work, frequently linked to Impressionism, also shows a bold neoclassical style and, at times, features of Expressionism, and is the fruit of a complex heritage and musical discoveries that revolutionized music for piano and orchestra. -
Manuel de Falle
He was an Andalusian Spanish composer and pianist. He has a claim to being Spain's greatest composer of the 20th century,[1] although the number of pieces he composed was relatively modest. -
BArtok
Béla Viktor János Bartók, known as Béla Bartók, was a Hungarian musician who stood out as a composer, pianist and researcher of Eastern European folk music. He is considered one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. -
Béla Bartók
He was a Hungarian composer, pianist and ethnomusicologist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers. Through his collection and analytical study of folk music, he was one of the founders of comparative musicology, which later became known as ethnomusicology. -
Zoltán Kodály
Zoltán Kodály was a prominent Hungarian musician whose musical style first went through a post-Viennese-Romantic phase and then evolved into its main characteristic: the mixture of folklore and complex harmonies of the 20th century, shared with Béla Bartók. -
Joaquín Turina
Joaquín Turina Pérez was a Spanish composer and musicologist representative of nationalism in the first half of the 20th century. Manuel de Falla, Isaac Albéniz and he composed the most important works of Impressionism in Spain. His most important works are Fantastic Dances and The Rocío Procession. -
Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer and conductor and one of the most important and transcendental musicians of the 20th century. His long life allowed him to discover a wide variety of musical trends. -
Heitor Villa-Lobos
He was a Brazilian composer, conductor, cellist, and classical guitarist. Villa-Lobos has become the best-known South American composer of all time. A prolific composer, he wrote numerous orchestral, chamber, instrumental and vocal works, totaling over 2,000 works by his death in 1959. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and stylistic elements from the European classical tradition, as exemplified by his Bachianas Brasileiras and his Chôros. -
George Gershwin
He was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned popular, jazz and classical genres. Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue (1924) and An American in Paris (1928), the songs "Swanee" (1919) and "Fascinating Rhythm" (1924), the jazz standards "Embraceable You" (1928) and "I Got Rhythm" (1930), and the opera Porgy and Bess (1935), which included the hit "Summertime". -
Messiaen
Olivier Messiaen was a French composer, organist, pedagogue and ornithologist, one of the most outstanding musicians of the entire century. -
Pierre Schaeffer
He was a French composer, writer, broadcaster, engineer, musicologist, acoustician and founder of Groupe de Recherche de Musique Concrète (GRMC). His innovative work in both the sciences—particularly communications and acoustics—and the various arts of music, literature and radio presentation after the end of World War II, as well as his anti-nuclear activism and cultural criticism garnered him widespread recognition in his lifetime. -
John Cage
He was an American composer and music theorist. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde. Critics have lauded him as one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. He was also instrumental in the development of modern dance, mostly through his association with choreographer Merce Cunningham, who was also Cage's romantic partner for most of their lives. -
Pierre Henry
He was a French composer and pioneer of musique concrète. He wrote the 1950 piece Symphonie pour un homme seul, in cooperation with Schaeffer. It is an important early example of musique concrète. Henry also composed the first musique concrète track to appear in a commercial film. Henry also scored numerous additional films and ballets. He co-founded, with Jean Baronnet, the first private electronic music studio in France. Among his works is the ballet Messe pour le temps présent. -
Philip Glass
He is an American composer and pianist. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century. Glass's work has been associated with minimalism, being built up from repetitive phrases and shifting layers. Glass describes himself as a composer of "music with repetitive structures", which he has helped to evolve stylistically. Glass has composed more than thirty operas, large and small; fourteen symphonies, thirteen concertos; soundtracks to films.