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Oct 12, 1492
Columbus Lands in the Americas pt. 2
...He then returned to Spain with gold, spices, and "Indian" captives who were actually Native Americans. -
Oct 12, 1492
Columbus Lands in the Americas pt. 1
Columbus began his voyage on August 3, 1492 in hopes to find a new trade route to India. He was sponsored by the Spain's King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, after being turned down by Portugal, France, and England for financing. He arrived in Hispaniola and some Caribbean islands which he believed to be East Asia. Upon arrival to these islands the Natives were peaceful and friendly and Columbus reported that they would be good servants and easy impressionable to Christianity... -
Jamestown pt 1
Jamestown was created as the first permanent English colony in North America, and it was inhabited by 100 members of the joint venture named the Virginia Company. Some struggles the colony faced were famine and disease, as well as conflicts with local Native American tribes. Since there wouldn’t be a ship to resupply the colony until 1610, the colony almost didn’t survive... -
Jamestown pt 2
...However, it became more stable as peace was made with the Natives with the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas, the daughter of a local chief and tobacco became a profitable crop. -
Pilgrims Land pt 2
...Native Americans taught the settlers how to plant and hunt with the help of Squanto, a well known Native American that was once a slave and could translate between the groups. -
Pilgrims Land pt 1
The first pilgrims were a group of 100 English people seeking religious freedom in the New World. They set sail on the Mayflower on November 11th of 1620 and completed their journey in 66 days landing in Plymouth Harbor of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. They landed here instead of their desired landing spot of New York due to weather issues that blew their boat. The first winter killed off many of the settlers due to poor nutrition and inadequate housing... -
French/Indian War pt 1 (beginning)
The French and Indian war lasted from 1754 until 1763 hence the name, the Seven Years War. The war began when France entered land in the Ohio River Valley that both France and Britain had land claims for. It started with battles until it was officially declared as war in 1756. Native peoples had relationships with both countries depending on the tribe so Native soldiers fought alongside European ones on both sides... -
French/Indian War pt 2 (end)
...The war ended when the Treaty of Paris was signed where France gave up all its territory on North America eliminating the threat to Britain. -
Sugar Act pt 1
The Sugar Act was a modified version of the Sugar and Modified Act of 1733 which was about to expire. Under the original Act merchants were required to pay six pence per gallon for the importation of foreign molasses. Because of corruption and bias, the English molasses was almost always cheaper than the molasses from the French West Indies market, giving England more of the market. The colonists had previously been producing mass amounts of rum using cheaper French molasses which hurt England.. -
Sugar Act pt 2
...The Act was revamped in 1764 and decreased to 3 pence per gallon, but there was a larger presence of enforcement and other things were also taxed such as “sugar, certain wines, coffee, pimiento, cambric and printed calico, and further, regulated the export of lumber and iron”. This is important because it increased tensions between England and the colonies which only worsened as time went on. -
Currency Act pt 1
In the early days of the colonies the barter system was common between Europeans and Native Americans, and that evolved when colonists traded raw materials with England and Europe for manufactured good, using some money to make up the difference. The British pound was seldom used and Spanish, Dutch and French money differed in value from colony to colony... -
Currency Act pt 2
...A rise of paper money occurred within the colonies starting with Massachusetts but British merchants complained about the lack of value among the money, thus the Currency was created. The Act outlawed the use or circulation of all paper money which was good for the wealthier merchant class, but was not for the working laborer class so in the end the majority of the colony population being laborers were upset with Britain increasing tensions. -
Sons of Liberty Groups Formed pt 1
The Sons of Liberty were a group of revolutionary colonists who opposed the taxes given to them by the British government. They felt it was unjust to tax them without representation and to tax in order to raise funds, instead of just regulate commerce. This group wasn’t afraid of violent reactions and were the ones behind the Boston Tea Party, which was one of the first major acts of rebellion that had a lasting and monetary effect... -
Sons of Liberty Groups Formed pt 2
...This group is important because as early as 1765 large groups of people were not only opposed to Britain, but were taking action which will eventually lead to an inevitable war. July of 1765 -
Stamp Act pt 1
The Stamp Act was one of the more notable tax acts in American history due to its extreme presence in every colonists life. The Act required people to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used including stamps, letters, newspapers, books and even playing cards. The money raised by the Act was the first time taxes had been used to monetarily support something, in this case troops near the Appalachian mountains, causing upset in the colonies for this new norm... -
Stamp Act pt 2
...The reason this was so important was because England decided this without consulting the colonial officials making them fear this would continue to occur in the future. -
Quartering Act pt 2
...The harm was that colonies, particularly New York, wanted to be asked first if it was okay then give consent for the act instead of being told which proved to be another reason colonies had a growing dislike for England. -
Quartering Act pt 1
The Quartering Act was passed by British Parliament as a way to create and outline the housing needed for the soldiers fighting in the colonies. The Act states that soldiers are to live in barracks that colonies create and once that is full they go to local inns, stables, and even local people’s homes. Even though history sometimes creates an image of British Redcoats throwing people out of their beds so they can sleep there, the actual act didn’t cause too much trouble... -
Townshend Acts pt 1 (beginning)
The Townshend Acts were a series of four laws that taxed imported goods into the colonies. The physical taxation didn’t bother the colonies all that much but it was the fact that Parliament passed the Acts without asking the colonies and without the colonies views being represented... -
Townshend Acts pt 2 (end)
...The colonies felt that this “taxation without representation” was an abuse of power, and tensions were only increased when the unpopular acts required British troops to regulate them, only giving more cause to lead to the Revolutionary war. -
Boston Massacre pt 2
...The result of the massacre led to 5 colonists dead and 6 wounded and this event is important because it heightened anti-British views in the colonies even more. -
Boston Massacre pt 1
This event occurred on King Street in Boston, Massachusetts and what was originally a scuffle between American colonists and a British soldier quickly turned into a bloody brawl. At the time there were 2,000 British soldiers in Boston which had 16,000 colonists and there were fights between patriot and loyalist colonists rather frequently while the tensions of “no taxation without representation” were high as well... -
Tea Act pt 2
...Overall, the importance of this act is that the colonists had had just about enough and this was the time where they took action fueled by their anger. -
Tea Act pt 1
When the Tea Act came around, unfair taxes were not uncommon anymore and the Colonists only became more upset as time moved on. The purpose of this tax was to bail out the East India Company, a large monopoly that had full importation rights to the colonies, courtesy of Britain. The colonists had never been okay with the constitutionality of the duty on EIC’s tea monopoly and the Tea Act only made the feelings of opposition stronger... -
Boston Tea Party pt 1
The Boston Tea Party was an act of political rebellion on the night of December 16th following yet another British tax. It occurred at Griffiths Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts and colonists dumped 342 chests of tea off of a East India Company boat. A group of Revolutionists called the Sons of Liberty were known for their anti-British views and rallied the public against Britain... -
Boston Tea Party pt 2
...On this night, some members of the Sons of Liberty dressed in Native American clothing to disguise themselves and dumped the tea.This was the first physical act of rebellion the colonists had imposed and a war for independence was just around the corner. -
Intolerable Acts pt 1
There were three sets of Intolerable Acts, all enacted in March and May, and were created as a way to punish the colonists, particularly Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party and their resistance to taxes. Known as the Coercive Acts by Britain, the acts closed trade except for firewood and food until the owners of the destroyed tea were compensated, banned town meetings, and gave the royal governor more power... -
Intolerable Acts pt 2
...This was an important time because the act of rebellion the colonies caused was met by an oppressive reaction from Britain only making them more upset and leading to future conflict. -
Lexington and Concord pt 1
Lexington and Concord was the first battle of the American Revolutionary War. The tension building up to this conflict had occurred for a long time between the 13 American Colonies, specifically Massachusetts, and British forces there. The lead up to this battle was due to Britain enacting very harsh taxes on the colonies such as the Stamp act and the Townshend Act... -
Lexington and Concord pt 2
...The actual battle occurred when Britain heard of a stockpile of weapons in Concord that could be used for a rebellion, so they marched from Boston to Concord to try and seize the weapons. Eventually the British retreated after enduring extreme fire and the Colonies won their independence in 1783. -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was a document created at the Second Continental Congress that told Britain of the Colonies independence. It was signed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was the first major step in the Colonies working together to be the United States of America. The declaration defended the Colonies reasons for independence by listing natural and legal rights and listing their grievances towards the British King, King George III. -
Constitutional Convention pt 1 (beginning)
The Constitutional Convention was a meeting in Philadelphia between colony leaders to address the poor government system they had under the Articles of Convention. The 74 delegates from all 13 colonies were sent in lieu of recent rebellions such as Shays Rebellion and an overall power struggle between state and federal government... -
Constitutional Convention pt 2 (end)
...After the idea of amending the Articles was quickly thrown out, the creation of the United States Constitution gave the power of foreign relations to the executive branch while treaty ratification was left to the legislative branch. -
Jefferson Presidency pt 1 (beginning)
Thomas Jefferson was the third US president and was the author of the Declaration of Independence, he also served as Governor of Virginia and played a major role in the writing of the Constitution. During his presidency he used his relationship with France, after being a US delegate and acquired the Louisiana Purchase for 15 million dollars which doubled the size of the US... -
T. Roosevelt Presidency
Roosevelt was the 26th and youngest president in history and led the American people to strong progressive reforms and powerful foreign policy. He believed it was the President’s job to do whatever they could for the good of the public as long as it was constitutional. Some major accomplishments of his Presidency was mediating the Russo-Japanese war and being a large and important figure for environmental protection by establishing the national parks system. The presidency ended on 3/4/1809. -
Louisiana Purchase
As mentioned in Jefferson’s Presidency, the Louisiana purchase was a large area of land that doubled the land that the US currently possessed. It was 15 million dollars and approximately 827,000 sq miles west of the Mississippi River. This new land acquired from France was immediately explored by Lewis and Clark on an expedition to discover what exactly was there. Years later this land became part of or fully 15 states and is named the most important achievement in the Jefferson Presidency. -
Jefferson Presidency pt 2 (end)
...He also sent two explorers and a team, famously named Lewis and Clark, to explore the new land and they discovered many new species and Native tribes. -
Missouri Compromise pt 1
In 1820 and the years prior the United States was more divided than ever based on the issue of slavery.
When Missouri applied for Statehood in 1819, it requested to be a slave state, but that would wreck the current balance between the even free and slave states. This posed an issue in Congress as well so the Missouri Compromise was born... -
Missouri Compromise pt 2
...To keep the balance, Maine was admitted as a free state and an imaginary line was drawn to dictate the northern free states and southern slave states for future states to be created. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was something that further threw America into its time period of isolationism and American prosperity. The Doctrine stated that America wouldn’t interfere with European affairs if Europeans didn’t colonize the Americas anymore. At the time it was unclear if the US had the military might or even status to make such a doctrine, but they later became a major world power that increased its sphere of influence and adopted a much broader view of the original doctrine. -
Jackson Presidency pt 1 (beginning)
Andrew Jackson began his two term presidency with scandal and controversy after one of his close friends and cabinet members married a woman Washington disapproved of. After forcing Mrs. Eaton into social circles and an overall bad tone to his cabinet, in 1831, Jackson swiped his whole cabinet and started over... -
Indian Removal Act pt 1
This law was signed by President Andrew Jackson early in his presidency and gave the government negotiating power to move the Native Americans from their land to government land west of the Mississippi. While the South was all for it, the Indians, the Whig Party, and the Northeast were not in favor of the forced relocation. The Cherokee banned together and attempted to resist, but failed under the harsh federal workers causing what’s now known as the Trail of Tears... -
Indian Removal Act pt 2
...Though it was bitterly fought against in Congress, the eventual passing of the Act caused tens of thousands of Native Americans to relocate, some peacefully while others violently protested. -
Jackson Presidency pt 2 (end)
...Through his main goals to restore national finances and clear the government of corruption, he was one of the first Presidents to fire people who didn’t agree with him under what’s now called the spoils system. Finally, Jackson was the first president to veto legislation in terms of policy, rather than because a bill was unconstitutional. He also used this strict veto policy to clear the nation’s debt in 1835 until the end of his term making this the only time America has done that. -
Invention of the Steel Plow pt 3
...Finally, in 1797, Charles Newbold, patented a cast iron plow and in 1818 Jefferson’s math formula was put into use thanks to Gideon Davis and the modern steel plow was put into use. -
Invention of the Steel Plow pt 1
With rising population, food supply needed to increase and people realized that crop productivity was at it’s best when the soil was loosened and tilled before planting the seeds. By the mid- nineteenth century, It took a strong man with a modern steel head spade roughly 96 hours to till an acre of farmland... -
Invention of the Steel Plow pt 2
...Based on his observation of French farmers, in 1793, Jefferson created the mathematical formula for the new moldboard and is also credited for the idea to put multiple moldboards on one single plow to increase efficiency. Jefferson also came up with the idea to use cast iron for the moldboards instead of wood, but this major discovery was not put into place right away because people believed that the metal would poison their soil... -
Dredd Scott v Sanford
The Dredd Scott decision is one of the most important cases before the Civil war. This case was brought to the court by Dredd Scott to the court because he lived in MN, a free state, and believed he should be free when he returned to MO, a slave state. The court decided against his plea and decided blacks can’t be citizens so they can’t change their slave status. This case not only angered northern abolitionists but also upset and increased tensions between the North and South. -
Lincoln Presidency pt 1 (beginning)
Lincoln started his political career by as an Illinois representative and was unpopular when he was elected because of his stance against the Mexican war. As Lincoln’s anti slavery stance grew, when he was elected as President seven southern states seceded from the Union forming the Confederacy. When the long fought civil war was coming to an end, while his term was also finishing up Lincoln ordered the Emancipation Proclamation which freed all slaves in rebel states... -
Attack on Fort Sumter (start of Civil War) pt 2
...However, the aggression of the South and the death of two men left a negative world view for the South which helped the North gain worldwide support and win the war. -
Attack on Fort Sumter (start of Civil War) pt 1
Fort Sumter was a Union occupied Fort before the Civil War and the Confederates barricaded it in, this prevented the North from getting supplies to the Fort and the people inside. As the people inside began to starve, the South attacked the supply boats and the Fort itself. After 34 hours of fire, the Union left the fort and the South occupied the fort for another 4 years marking the start of the Civil War... -
Emancipation Proclamation pt 1
When the civil war began, President Lincoln made it clear that his mission was to restore the Union and not necessarily abolish slavery. Though he took an anti slavery stance himself, he knew he wouldn’t be able to retain the border states or get the Confederates to return if slavery was abolished. After slaves escaped and fought for the North, and his moral stance, Lincoln decided mid way through the war to mandate all slaves in rebel states “shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”... -
Emancipation Proclamation pt 2
...Even if it didn’t free any slaves, as the Confederates didn’t follow the mandate, it was an important shift to the focus of the war. -
Surrender at Appomattox (end of Civil War) pt 1
The Surrender at Appomattox Court House, Virginia was the point where General Lee of the South surrendered and the 4 year Civil War came to an end. When they met Grant was in his mud splattered uniform while Lee was in full garb with a sword, but when Lee requested surrender Grant quickly wrote out rather generous terms... -
Surrender at Appomattox (end of Civil War) pt 2
...All the Confederate starving soldiers would receive Union rations, all the officers and men were also allowed to return to their private property and keep their horses for the planting season and with that the Civil war was over. -
Lincoln Assassinated pt 2
...After Lincoln was shot in the head, Booth swung from the box into the audience, and due to Booth’s fame and him being an actor, the audience thought it was part of the show at first. While Lincoln was actually shot, a doctor in the audience helped get him to a boarding house across the street, and when the surgeon arrived they determined he was going to die. -
Lincoln Assassinated pt 1
Lincoln was shot shortly after 10 PM when a famous actor, John Wilkes Booth, entered the Presidential box in Ford’s theater where Lincoln was sitting. When Booth and his conspirators found out Lincoln, his vice president, and his secretary of state were to attend this play at the Theatre, they made a plan to kill them all and send the US government into shambles... -
Lincoln Presidency pt 2 (end)
...With the eventual passing of the 13th amendment, the total abolishment of slavery. -
Thirteenth Amendment Ratified pt 2
...Some ways people got around the mandate was sharecropping and racism continued with the development of Jim Crow Laws and voting limitations. -
Thirteenth Amendment Ratified pt 1
The Thirteenth Amendment passed just 8 months after the end of the civil war and stated that any form of slavery or involuntary servitude was unconstitutional, unless as punishment for crime. This proved to be the most lasting effect of the Civil War. While slavery was legally outlawed this did not alleviate the tensions present between the North and the South especially after the end of the war and the assassination of their President... -
Chinese Exclusion Act pt 2
...This Act spurred later movements of immigration limits for other groups such as Hindus, Japanese and Middle Eastern people. -
Chinese Exclusion Act pt 1
This statute signed by President Arthur halted Chinese immigration for 10 years and made Chinese ineligible for naturalization. While it was unconstitutional and Chinese workers fought to prove that, it remained and was continued for another 10 years when the act was renewed and when a law later flat out banned Chinese immigration. Chinese residents of America were prevented from becoming citizens until 1946... -
First Union Created pt 1
The American Federation of Labor, or the AFL, was created by Samuel Gompers in 1886; it was created in Columbus, Ohio and started as a collection of craft workers. Reaching 250,000 members 1892, the Union focused almost solely on the income and working conditions of its members. The first convention produced a call for "higher wages and a shorter workday" as the first steps towards"great and accompanying improvements in the condition of the working people."... -
First Union Created pt 2
...It prided itself in addressing the immediate needs of workers and tried to maintain a non partisan approach to conventions and work as to be fair and inclusive to its end in 1955 when it merged with another popular union, CIO. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
This Act was the first government law to try and prevent monopolies in business. It was passed under President Harrison and it aimed to regulate relations and competition between businesses. It also attempts to prevent the artificial raising of prices due to controlling supply or trade. While natural monopolies arising from merit are perfectly legal, many business at the time were participating in unfair business practices and being unethical towards the public and its consumers. -
Plessy v Ferguson pt 2
...The Supreme Court ruled that the 14th amendment only protected political and civil rights, like voting, while social rights were not protected, thus the installment of many discriminatory laws and increased racism in the country. -
Plessy v Ferguson pt 1
Plessy v Ferguson was a landmark case that ruled it constitutional for public facilities to be segregated as long as they were equal in quality, commonly phrased as “separate but equal”. This not only caused the expected societal racism, but created Jim Crow laws and overall discrimination in society because things were not actually equal... -
Spanish American War pt 1 (beginning)
The Spanish American War resulted in ending colonial rule of Spain in the Americas, the US also acquired some land in the Pacific and Latin America. The war originated when Cuba wanted independence from Spain, and the US supported them. With the expansion of yellow journalism in the US, the Spanish oppressive rule was made clear to the public and they were in support of helping Cuba become independent... -
Spanish American War pt 2 (end)
...When the USS Maine, a US navy ship, was sunk the US took that opportunity to officially start the war and swiftly won due to Spain’s physical location. -
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Catches Fire pt 1
The Triangle Shirtwaist factory was located in New York City, and when it caught fire it killed 145 workers due to the lack of safety precaution and locked interior doors. The events of this fire gave a foundation for building codes which now need to have two plus exits and fire resistant stairwells or fire escapes... -
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Catches Fire pt 2
...This was a sweatshop that employed young immigrant women to sit in cramped rooms with sewing machines, who didn’t speak English, worked twelve hour days and the only escapes were difficult to get to due to the fear of the girls stealing. Overall, the deaths could have been prevented and it remains one of America’s greatest tragedies. -
Wilson Presidency
President Wilson was the 28th president and was in office during World War 1, finishing on 3/4/1913. After leaving America’s stance of Neutrality he led America into the Great War to “make the world safe for democracy”. Wilson was known for his not so great domestic policy but very smart foreign policy, he came up with the 14 points plan and the Treaty of Versailles. Even if his 14 points were very smart, the European countries wanted to blame Germany for the war and didn’t accept the plan. -
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal is one of the most important pieces of infrastructure construction for the economy. When it was proposed it aimed to cut the time of traveling between the Atlantic and Pacific way down by eliminating the trip around South America. First the construction was managed by France but as they lost workers and money, they turned it over to America. After it was completed, the US created a plan to eventually give all the control of the dam back to Panama which is the situation today. -
WWI Begins
The start of WWI began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a 19 year old boy from Serbia. At that time Austria-Hungary knew they needed to take action, but they were at a weak state and now had lost their leader so they turned to Germany for military backup to prevent the invasion of Russia. The overall reason the war became the Great War was because of the acronym MAIN, standing for Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism and Nationalism. -
The Great Migration Begins pt 1
The Great Migration of the United States was a mass of black people migrating from the South to the North. While they didn’t escape racism in the North, the North had less segregation, more job opportunities, urban cities and overall more opportunities for black people. Most people moved to Chicago, Illinois, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Detroit, Michigan, and New York, New York... -
The Great Migration Begins pt 2
...About 6 million people relocated to the North and filled factory jobs, made their own neighborhoods and created the Harlem Renaissance, a black cultural boom of art and music. -
Sinking of the Lusitania pt 1
While the Great War was ever present in Europe, most Americans, including President Wilson maintained a front of neutrality and refused to get involved with the far away continents war. At the same time, America was making great economic gains by providing food, raw materials, and weapons to Europe while keeping their homeland safe. This all changed when a German Submarine killed the unarmed British passenger ship, the Lusitania, killing 128 Americans and other civilians... -
Sinking of the Lusitania pt 2
...This prompted the US to enter the war on the side of the Allies, leaving its state of isolationism and aiding the US in eventually becoming a major world power. -
Wilson's 14 Points pt 3
...The other European powers, however, felt it was too soft towards Germany and changed the peace treaty to blame Germany making Europe unstable. -
Wilson's 14 Points pt 1
The 14 points Wilson came up with were in the form of a speech and laid out blueprints for future peace agreements, including one to come after WW1. To aid him with the 14 Points, Wilson had a team of about 100 people who studied political, social, and economic facts of the Allies to help create a plan for peace at the upcoming conference... -
Wilson's 14 Points pt 2
...Some key ideas of the plan include getting rid of secret treaties between countries, decreasing weapons possession, fixing the relationship and claims of colonies, and making the seas free. Other points that worked towards peace included ridding of economic borders, self determination for minority groups, and a world organization that could provide peace for all... -
WWI Ends pt 1
The Great War came to an end at 11 am on 11/11 when Germany signed an armistice saying they would cease fire and maintain peace. The war left 9 million soldiers dead, sacrifices from every country, and over 21 million injured including around 5 million civilian deaths. When the war started, many felt patriotic and assumed the war would be over in no time, by as you can see that was not the case... -
WW1 Ends pt 2
...Even though WW1 was the War to end all Wars, the Treaty of Versailles left so much blame on Germany it left an unstable Europe and set up for WW2. -
Eighteenth Amendment
The Eighteenth Amendment was the ban to sell, transport or manufacture alcohol. Alcohol remained in use because the amendment didn’t say people couldn’t consume it so people came up with loopholes to get around it. This amendment was a huge failure because most of the country was against it and remains the only amendment to ever be repealed. Even though the Eighteenth amendment banned alcohol nationwide, some states had already passed laws against it and were “dry states”. -
Prohibition pt 1 (beginning)
Prohibition was a period of time where the sale, transport, and manufacturing of alcohol was illegal under the eighteenth amendment. These actions were hard to regulate, so more illegal activity came of it such as illegal drinking spots, or speakeasies, and the illegal production and transport of it, mostly into cities called bootlegging. Because of these actions and the increase of gangs in cities, support for prohibition was short lived... -
Treaty of Versailles pt 1
The Treaty of Versailles was signed in June of 1919 and didn’t go into effect until 6 months later, but the 15 part 440 article treaty rewrote German borders and assigned them with large amounts of blame for the war. The treaty was a balance of France wanting to punish Germany so they could never start another war, and the British and Americans not wanting to set up for another war, which it ended up doing... -
Harlem Renaissance pt 2
...Not only did the culture explode in change, the physical black community also traveled in mass amounts from South to North in the “Great Migration” for better opportunities and jobs. The time period served as a time for black pride and the creation of jazz, both of which are present and important in today’s society. -
Harlem Renaissance pt 1
The Harlem Renaissance has no clear date, but occurred after WW1 until the mid 1930s. Originally an explosion of black culture in Harlem, New York, the Harlem Renaissance was a nation wide explosion of black literature, art, music, and stage performance. Some notable people of the time include Ella Fitzgerald, Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith, and Langston Hughes... -
Treaty of Versailles pt 2
...It gave many parts of Germany back to their original countries and forced them to pay tremendous taxes that eventually stopped being paid 5 years later due to Hitler's rule and the extreme harm they were causing on the German economy. -
Nineteenth Amendment pt 1
The 19th amendment prohibits and state or federal powers denying a person the right to vote on the basis of sex, which means women got the right to vote. After almost 100 years of protest, women largely involved in the movement such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony women finally won the fight... -
Nineteenth Amendment pt 2
... However, it is important to remember that only white women gained the right to vote in 1920 and it was a long time before all women including women of color were totally fairly allowed to vote without restrictions. -
Gitlow v New York pt 1
The question in order in this court case was if the 1st Amendment can prevent a state from punishing political speech if it talks of anarchy or an overthrow of the government. Gitlow was accused because as a socialist he was encouraging the establishment of socialism through strikes or action of any sorts. Although he argued his writing had never caused action or actual overthrowing of the government, he was still proven guilty... -
Gitlow v New York pt 2
...This case proved that the Bill of Rights could technically limit the states power as well as the federal government's power. -
Rise of the K.K.K. pt 1
While the rise of the KKK spanned the 1920s, August 8th, 1925 marks the day that more than 50,000 Klan members marched on the mall in Washington DC. This event in particular had all the members unmasked, which was uncommon because they were usually covered by their hoods, but people weren’t ashamed of their racist and supremacist values because they weren’t alone. Millions of Americans had the same views especially in the south where extreme racism was more common... -
Rise of the K.K.K. pt 2
...The members consisted of many middle class families who were taught to believe that bigotry, racism, and harassment went hand in hand with patriotism and being an American. -
Scopes Trial pt 2
...Scopes was charged $100 for proving guilty of teaching evolution, and there remains a debate among the matters today while evolution is widely practiced and accepted in schools. -
Scopes Trial pt 1
The Scopes trial was officially The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and dealt with the teaching of evolution in schools. Since the theory of evolution disputed the Bible’s teachings of creation, this trial can be boiled down to science v. religion. One of the reasons this trial gained so much recognition was because two well known lawyers of the era, Darrow and Clarence, came to small town Tennessee which got people’s attention... -
Stock Market Crash pt 1
The Stock Market Crash of 1929 or the Great Crash sparked the worst period of Depression in American history due to the years of unstable foundation for the tremendous economic prosperity. The extreme actions of buying stock on margin, there being no insurance and back up for banks and towards the end millionaires buying massive amounts of stock to keep the market afloat helped the Crash be so harmful and extreme for so long... -
Stock Market Crash pt 2
...After the crash in 1933 unemployment was around 30% of the workforce and about 60% of Americans were below the poverty line. -
First Woman in a Presidential Cabinet pt 2
...Some important landmarks of her career include her help in creation of the CCC and She-She-She camps as well as her help in creating the new deal and minimum wage laws. -
First Woman in a Presidential Cabinet pt 1
Frances Perkins was the first woman in a Presidential Cabinet and was appointed to be the Secretary of Labor in 1933 by Franklin D. Roosevelt. She served the whole time he was in office, making her the longest person to hold the position. Previously she had been a sociologist and workers-rights activist and was supported by the National League of Women’s Voters and the Women’s Party but criticized for her perceived lack of labor ties by the AFL... -
Roosevelt 1st Election pt 1
Previously serving as governor of New York, Roosevelt was elected President in the thick of the Great Depression. Some of the first things he did was enact multiple programs to help to American people with relief, recovery and reform. Some of these include the CCC, which provided young men with jobs and money for their families while restoring the desolate environments destroyed by the Dust Bowl and the FDIC creating insurance in banks... -
Roosevelt 1st Election pt 2
...By promising all these programs in his New Deal and having weekly “fireside chats” over the radio with the American people, FDR became the longest serving presidents in American history by serving 12 of his elected 16 years. -
CCC pt 1 (beginning)
The Civilian Conservation Corps, or the CCC, was a program created by FDR that gave millions of men jobs and food and housing, and it also allowed them to send money back to their families. Another major part of the program was the work they did, all across the country they planted trees and gave use to all the land destroyed by the Dust Bowl, many of which created National and State parks we still use today... -
21st amendment pt 1
The twenty first amendment is a pivotal moment in history because it was the first and only time a constitutional amendment has been repealed. This amendment was also not ratified by Congress, but by state ratifying conventions. Prohibition was quite uncommon in the years it was the law, and its intent reduce crime backfired with the rise of bootleggers, speakeasies, and gang violence... -
21st amendment pt 2
...However, when the amendment was enacted, full power was given to the states to regulate sale and price while the federal government could intervene if necessary. -
Prohibition pt 2 (end)
...One fun fact about the Prohibition era was the FBI was created to catch criminals involved with illegal activity and alcohol, which became the main criminal system for the federal government. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act was established to give old-age benefits to workers, help those injured on the job, and to help the unemployed, disabled, and dependent mothers and children. Social Security Insurance became a necessary action when many people were suffering an extreme amount during the Great Depression because they could no longer work. Unlike European nations, the US government took money in the form of taxes from workers wages to pay for the benefit and aid for the groups in need. -
FDR Court Packing Scandal pt 1
The scandal came when FDR had been working to continue his New Deal and was accused of filling the supreme court with swayed judges. He wanted to increase the supreme court from 9 to 15, saying that it would make the courts more efficient. However, critics disagreed saying that he was trying to get more judges to support his New Deal and ideas in general... -
FDR Court Packing Scandal pt 2
...He offered full pay for retirement to all judges over 70 and added assistants to the judges who stayed, but overall Congress agreed that he couldn’t do this, so his judges were not all approved. -
CCC pt 2 (end)
...At first Unions were unhappy because they believed the $1 a day pay was not enough, despite the food shelter and education the men were also getting, so FDR made one of the Union leaders the head of the CCC. Finally, when WW2 came along, the US was able to mobilize an army very quickly due to the disciplined men from the CCC that just had to learn military skills.
