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Africa in the 1800s
---Continent made up of hundreds of ethnic groups and languages
--- Slave Trade
--- European trading posts only along coasts
--- Emissaries sent to investigate -
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Europeans Colonize Africa
--- WHY AFRICA?!
-- Natural resources & raw materials (industrialization)
-- To build empires (nationalism)NATIONALISM: Devotion to one's nation; love of your country
& willingness to sacrifice anything for it
-- Spread Christianity
-- Racism?
Superiority v. Inferiority
Civilized v. Uncivilized
--- Three "G's": GOLD, GLORY, & GOD -
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Factors Enabling Colonization
Inter-European power struggles and competition for preeminence
(the fact of surpassing all others; superiority)
Ethnic conflicts in Africa
New advances in medicine
-- Malaria vaccine, Penicillin
Industrialization
-- New technology among the Europeans
> Weapons, Steamships, Railroads
--- Social problems? -
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Industrial Revolution
INDUSTRIALIZATION: the development of a society It refers to the large-scale production process of machines and
new technologies that allow a society to move forward -
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Industrial Revolution (Part 2)
European countries needed natural resources & raw materials
(rubber, metals, minerals) -
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Everyone Wants a Piece Of The Magnificent African Cake
"Scramble for Africa": Prospects of exploiting African resources
that resulted in nationalist rivalries between European empires
for control of Africa Berlin Conference: Meeting proposed by German Otto von
Bismark to devise ground rules with 14 European states for the
colonization of Africa -
Period: to
SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA
The "scramble for Africa" took place between 1875 and 1900 Geographical information complied by explorers & adventures
held great interest for Europeans imperialists Henry Stanley of Belgium established a colony called Congo
Free State, 1870's Taking advantage of Egypt's unrest, Britain occupied Egypt,
1882 -
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Berlin Conference (Part 2)
RESULT: a transformation of political & economic Africa, with virtually all parts of the continent colonized by 1900
--- European colonies embraced all of Africa except Ethiopia and
Liberia -
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Berlin Conference
European leaders wanted to avoid war...
--- Agree upon carving up African continent into colonies
--- Drawn up without African participation
--- Provided the basis for the subsequent partition (break up),
invasion, and colonization of Africa by various European
powers
--- European armies sent to consolidate their claims & impose
colonial rule -
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Debriefing...
What areas did you get for your country? What areas did you country actually get? How far was this for Europeans? How far was this for Africans?
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Impacts & Effects of European Rule
African people had little power in their governments
Europeans gained power in part by encouraging rivalries among
ethnic groups
Europeans took the best land farm
Drew political boundaries that divided ethnic groups & forced
different groups to live together