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Roanoke
-The Roanoke Island was led by John White.
-It was the first British settlement. John white found the words Croatoan and CRO carved into trees and palisades, thinking that the settlers were living on Croatoan Island. But, he never found the actual meaning due to stormy weather and White went back to England.
-The British Settlers wanted to colonize a New World.
-It started off in Virginia but then became a part of North Carolina.
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Jamestown
-A Joint stock company created a colony along the coast of Virginia 1607. This colony did not start off very well.
-John Smith was the leader of Jamestown and he didn't let people eat if they didn't work. Some colonists left because of this, but came right back.
-In 1609, John Rolfe & Pocahontas grew tobacco for a profitable export of Virginia.
-The Virginia Company of London allowed people free land if they settled in Jamestown.
-Indentured servants were the first to work for 7 years.
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The House of Burgesses
-The elected representatives was the group that the first legislature was made up of.
-It was established at Jamestown.
-Property owners were the only ones who could vote to elect representatives.
-The Virginia Company's charter had too much debt in 1624 and was taken off of their position.
-As a result, Virginia then became a royal colony under King James I.
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The Great Puritan Migration
-English puritans migrated to New England, the Chesapeake, and the west Indies.
-A few hundred pilgrims went to the Plymouth Colony and the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1620-1642.
-The puritans left England mainly because of religious and economic conflicts. They thought the English church was revolved too much on Catholicism, so they wanted to find a new area with their religious beliefs. They also wanted to find freedom.
https://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-great-puritan-migration/ -
Mayflower/Plymouth/Mayflower Compact
-The Pilgrims (Separatists) settled the Plymouth colony on the Mayflower ship near the Hudson River. They ended up at Cape Cod.
-They came across a Wampanoag community that had useful resources. After a disease spread through their community, the Wampanoags left the area.
-The Mayflower Compact was then created for the colony's men to control the government.
-The Pilgrims and Wampanoags met Squanto and he helped them survive.
-Thanksgiving was then invented in 1621 by the Pilgrims.
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New York
-New York was a Middle Colony settled by the Dutch in 1624.
At first, New York was called New Netherlands by the Dutch and New York City was known as New Amsterdam.
-Henry Hudson got involved by helping the Dutch in 1611, and claimed Netherland as their territory. The Dutch used the Patroon System to spread word of their settlement.
-When the British took over, The Dutch went to naval war with them 3 times.
-The Dutch gave up to the British, tried again in 1673, but failed once more.
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
-The Massachusetts Bay colony was established and settled by 1000 Puritans in 1630.
-King Charles made a Charter to John Winthrop (leader) and the Puritans to settle in Massachusetts.
-The Puritan laws that ran the colony's government were the same as Puritans' beliefs of the Church.
-Dissenters disagreed with the laws and were brutally punished. But some formed their own colonies.
-Eventually, this became the largest New England colony and turned into a royal colony in 1691.
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Maryland
-Maryland was a southern colony settled by Lord Baltimore in 1632.
-Lord Baltimore persuaded King Charles I to give him and the other persecuted Catholics to settle in.
-Maryland was a Proprietary Colony (the colony owner ruled the colony instead of royal rulers).
-Baltimore died and didn't even get the chance to rule the land, so his son took over.
-His Catholic followers became Protestant.
-The Toleration Act of 1649 allowed religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland.
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Rhode Island
-Rhode Island was a New England colony settled by Roger Williams and the people who liked his work.
-He was eventually banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he wanted religious and political freedom and the government disagreed.
-He then found Rhode Island in 1635 where the Christian religion was accepted.
(Notes) -
Connecticut
-Connecticut was a New England colony. It was settled by Thomas Hooker in 1636.
-It was also the first written constitution in North America.
-The citizenship culture was mainly focused on land ownership, rather than religion (which was Massachusetts' main focus).
-the Puritan areas of Connecticut did not have any form of religious freedom because they only believed in their religion and wouldn't accept any others.
(Notes and https://www.landofthebrave.info/connecticut-colony.htm) -
Maryland Toleration Act
-The Toleration Act of 1649 gave religious freedom to all Christians that lived in Maryland.
-This law made it a crime to curse (blaspheme) God and any other major religious names.
-George Calvert made a previous colony in Newfoundland. he died shortly before the Charter was established and his sons, Cecil and Leonard Calvert then took over.
https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/salutary_neglect#start_entry -
Carolina
-Carolina was a Southern Colony settled by King Charles II and his supporters. The supporters got access to land and trade throughout Carolina and the West Indies.
-This was very useful to grow cash crops.
-The Cash crops became more ideal for selling instead of being used by the farmers. This included lots of work and labor.
-African slaves eventually outnumbered Europeans 2:1.
-Carolina became a royal colony in 1729.
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Bacon's Rebellion
-Nathaniel Bacon led unauthorized citizen soldiers, slaves, and poor farmers to retaliate against a series of Native American attacks on the Virginia borderline.
-William Berkley then heard about this and developed an army to fight against Bacon and his men.
-After some theories about Bacon and Berkeley going through various conflicts, Bacon and his men ended up attacking and destroying Jamestown. Bacon then died from dysentery.
-This was the 1st colonial rebellion against royal control.
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Pennsylvania
-Pennsylvania was a middle colony granted by King Charles II to William Penn. He gave them a charter.
-the Colony was established as a "Holy Experiment" where every male received 50 acres of land and voting rights.
-He became a Quaker (society of friends). The Quakers in the colony were persecuted and ridiculed for their speech, clothing, oaths, and rituals.
-They were also persecuted for the ministers of their church and their anti-war beliefs.
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Albany Plan
-Three months after New York City received a royal charter, the city of Albany, New York received a municipal and Dongan Charter to develop a city government and city features.
-Albany originally started with lots of fur trade with the Native Americans, but then resulted to trading of crops for household items.
-The city contained a Dutch Reformed Church and a Lutheran Church. The city eventually developed many more buildings. http://exhibitions.nysm.nysed.gov//albany/earlycity.html -
The Salem Witch Trials
-A number of young girls stated that they were possessed by the devil by some local women who apparently practiced witchcraft.
-This caused hysteria throughout the Salem Village in Massachusetts.
-After this, 150 people were imprisoned for the act of witchcraft. 7 died in prison and 19 men and women were hung after being found guilty. 1 person was even crushed for not confessing their actions.
-In the fall, all hysteria ended when people had different opinions on the witchcraft trials.
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Great Awakening/Enlightenment
-In the First Great Awakening, a handful of Protestant denominations were upset over the religious culture in the British Atlantic.
-Some people followed the evangelical message, some didn't. George Whitefield led this and awed everyone he spoke to.
-The Enlightenment occurred in the 18th century improving the Western Civilization led by Benjamin Franklin, using his scientific & social skills.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ushistory1os2xmaster/chapter/great-awakening-and-enlightenment/ -
French-Indian War
-The French settled in the Ohio Valley in the 1750's and the British (from Virginia) got very upset at this.
-When the French built monuments to connect to the Ohio river, the British kept attacking it.
-Between 1754-1755, the French kept winning battles to the British (especially George Washington).
-Governor Shirley had the British declare war in 1756 and they defeated the French and Indians in 1758.
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/french-and-indian-war -
Salutary Neglect
-Robert Walpole established the Salutary Neglect by slowing and calming down the strict laws made for Britain on American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries.
-This system would hopefully have britain focus on political and world power.
-Edmund Burke confirmed this and it became very useful for Britain's North America holdings.
-Americans could trade with non-British objects.
-King George made freedom for Americans in 1760.
https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/salutary_neglect#start_entry -
Proclamation of 1763
-The British established the Proclamation after the French and Indian war to appease the advancement of the European settlers.
-This created a separation line between the American Indian colonies & British Colonies.
-King George III claimed all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to Native Americans and didn't allow colonial settlers in. October 7th, 1763, the Proclamation shut down the expansion west of Appalachia.
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of
