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Sep 5, 1492
Columbus Lands in the Bahamas
During Christopher Columbus's first voyage in 1492, instead of going to Japan like he wanted, Columbus landed in the Bahamas! -
Jun 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed at Tordesillas on June 7,1494, this treaty divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal. -
May 20, 1498
Da Gama Reaches india
Vasco de Gama was the first European to reach India from the Atlantic Ocean when he arrived at Calicut on the Malabar Coast. -
Sep 28, 1513
Vasco Nunez de Balboa claims land.
Vasco Nunez de Balboa travelledthe Pacific Ocean , claimed it and all the land that touched it for Spain! -
Aug 29, 1532
Pizarro crushes the Incas.
Atahuallpa, who was the 13th and the last emperor of the Incas, died by strangulation at the hands of Francisco Pizarro's,Spanish conquistadors. The execution of Atahuallpa, the last free reigning emperor, had marked the end of 300 years of Inca civilization. -
Jan 3, 1542
Cabrillo explores California
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo was a Portuegese explorer that was recognized for his exploration of the Coast of California on the behalf of Spain. -
Nov 17, 1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen
Elizabeth I was queen of England beginning on September 7,1533 and ending on March 24,1603. -
Dec 8, 1577
Drake circumnavigates the globe
Drake set out with five ships to raid Spanish holdings on the Pacific coast of the New World. He had returned in 1596. -
England Defeats Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588, they had the intention of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England to stop English involvement in the Spanish Netherlands! -
James I becomes King of England.
When Elizabeth I of England died in 1603. Being that she was unmarried, James moved to London and was crowned King James I of England. -
Virgina Colony founded at Jamestown
Jamestown was settlement that was located on the Jamestown Island in the Virgina Colony. It was founded as "James Fort" and was the first permanent English settlement in what is now United States. -
Spanish found New Mexico
Spanish colonizers established Santa Fe as the capital of the Spanish province in 1609. -
Virginia becomes a royal Colony
Virginia became a royal colony in 1624 when King James I revoked the charter of the bankrupt Virginia Company. He felt threatened by the representative assembly known as the House of Burgesses. -
Maryland Colony Founded
Maryland was founded by two hundred emigrants, mostlly the Roman Catholics. -
Charles II restored to English Throne
After Oliver Cromwells' death in 1658 the English republican expierement soon faltered.Charles II was persuaded to issue the Declaration of Breda, granting amnesty to the former enemies of the house of Stuart. -
Barbados slave code was adopted
The Barbados Slave Code of 1661 was a law passed by the colonial legislature to provide a legal base for slavery in the Caribbean island of Barbados. -
Townshend Acts
The Townshend Acts were a series of laws passed beginning in 1767 by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America. The acts are named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who proposed the program. -
Carolina colony created
The northern and southern sections of Carolina developed separately. The first permanent colony was established in 1670 at Albemarle Point under William Sayle. -
Begining of the Tuscarora War in North Carolina
The Tuscarora War was fought in North Carolina during the autumn of 1711 until 11 February 1715 between the British, Dutch, and German settlers and the Tuscarora, a local Native American tribe. that resolted in a treaty being signed in 1715, -
Yamasee War in South Carolina
The Yamasee War was a conflict between British settlers of colonial South Carolina and various Native American Indian tribes, including the Yamasee, Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Catawba, Apalachee, Apalachicola, Yuchi, Savannah River Shawnee, Congaree, Waxhaws, Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Cheraw, and others. -
Great Awakening
The Great Awakening exploded in the 1730's and the 1740's. -
Georgia colony was founded
In 1732, James Oglethorpe was given a charter from King George II to create a new colony which he would name Georgia. This was located between South Carolina and Florida. -
The first colonial copper coins are minted
the first ever copper coins were minted in Conneticut. -
Zenger Free Press Trial
John Peter Zenger began publishing a newspaper in New York to voice opposition to the onerous policies of newly appointed colonial governor William Cosby. Upon his arrival in New York Cosby plunged into a rancorous quarrel with the Council of the colony over his salary. -
The British Advisement
This document urges the Scots-Irish protestants to settle in colonial New York! -
George Whitefield spreads Great Awakening
George Whitfield, was an English Anglican priest who helped spread the Great Awakening in Britain, and in the British North American colonies! -
South Carolina Slave Revolt
A band of slaves march down the road, carrying banners that proclaim "Liberty!". They shout out the same word. Led by an Angolan named Jemmy, the men and women continue to walk south, recruiting more slaves along the way. By the time they stop to rest for the night, their numbers will have approached one hundred. -
Fifty black slaves are hanged in Charleston,
Fifty black slaves are hung in Charleston, South Carolina, after plans for another revolt are revealed. -
King George's War
King George's War is the name given to the operations in North America that formed part of the War of the Austrian Succession. It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars. It took place primarily in the British provinces of New York, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, and Nova Scotia. this war lasted for four years. -
New Englanders capture Louisburg
the final peace settlement returned there fortress France and the American Colonist felt betrayed by thier British Master. -
Princeton College was founded
Princeton University, in 1746 was developed in order to train ministers dedicated to their views. -
Indentured Slave Contract
this contract was signed in Virginia in 1746 which provided evidence about the ever- changing rules. -
New York Bar Association
The New York Bar Association is founded in New York City -
The Academy
The Academy a college in Pennsylvania was founded in 1751. it is in Philadelphia and is Nonsectarian. -
Currency Act
The Currency Act is passed by the English Parliament, banning the issuing of paper money by the New England colonies. -
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War is the common American name for the war between Great Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763. -
The Albany Congress
In June of 1754, representatives from seven colonies met with 150 Iroquois Chiefs in Albany, New York. The purposes of the Albany Congress were twofold; to try to secure the support and cooperation of the Iroquois in fighting the French, and to form a colonial alliance based on a design by Benjamin Franklin. -
Columbia College
Columbia college is in New York, New York and is also called King's College in 1754. -
Braddoock's Defeat
Around 1,500 British and American troops from all over battle against a force of 300 to 600 Indians and some 30 French colonial troops for the Monongahela River at the forks with the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers near modern Pittsburgh. -
Pitt emerges as leader of British Government
In 1757 Pitt became a foremost leader in the London government. Throwing himself headlong into his task, he soon earned the title "Organizer of Victory." He wisely decided to soft-pedal assaults on the French West Indies, which had
been bleeding away much British strength. -
Britian Votes South Carolina anti-slave trade measures
South Carolina's anti-slave trade measures were vetoed, then in 1760, Britain vetoed South Carolina's anti-slave trade measures. -
Proclimation of 1763
The proclamation, in effect, closed off the frontier to colonial expansion. The King and his council presented the proclamation as a measure to calm the fears of the Indians, -
The Sugar Act of 1764
Parliament passed a modified version of the Sugar and Molasses Act. which was about to expire. The Sugar Act reduced the rate of tax on molasses from six pence to three pence per gallon, while Grenville took measures that the duty be strictly enforced. The act also listed more foreign goods to be taxed including sugar, certain wines, coffee, pimiento, cambric and printed calico, and further, regulated the export of lumber and iron. -
The Quartering Act of 1765
The Quartering Act is the name of at least two 18th-century acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. These Quartering Acts ordered the local governments of the American colonies to provide housing and provisions for British soldiers. -
Stamp Act Congress of 1765
The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting on October 19, 1765 in New York City of representatives from among the Thirteen Colonies. They discussed and acted upon the Stamp Act recently passed by the governing Parliament of Great Britain overseas, which did not include any representatives from the colonies. Meeting in the building that would become Federal Hall, the Congress consisted of delegates from 9 of the 13 colonies. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre was the killing of five colonists by British regulars on March 5, 1770. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a direct action by colonists in Boston, a town in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the British government and the monopolistic East India Company that controlled all the tea imported into the colonies. -
Boston Port Act
A response to the Boston Tea Party, it outlawed the use of the Port of Boston for "landing and discharging, loading or shipping, of goods, wares, and merchandise" until such time as restitution was made to the King's treasury and to the East India Company for damages suffered. -
Quebec Act
The Quebec Act of 1774 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain setting procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec. -
Parliament Passes the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive Acts are names used to describe a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America. The acts triggered outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies that later became the United States, and were important developments in the growth of the American Revolution. -
Lexington Massascre
In April 1775, the British commander in Boston sent a detachment of troops to Lexington. They were to seize provisions of colonial gunpowder and to capture the "rebel" ringleaders, Samuel Adams and John Hancock. At Lexington, 8 Americans were shot and killed. This incident was labeled as the "Lexington Massacre." -
Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill took place for the most part on and around Breed's Hill, during the Siege of Boston early in the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after the adjacent Bunker Hill, which was peripherally involved in the battle and was the original objective of both colonial and British troops, and is occasionally referred to as the "Battle of Breed's Hill." -
Olive Branch Petition
The Olive Branch Petition was adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. The petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. The petition was rejected, and in August 1775 the colonies were formally declared in rebellion by the Proclamation of Rebellion. -
British Burned Falmouth
The Burning of Falmouth was an attack by a fleet of Royal Navy vessels on the town of Falmouth, -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. John Adams put forth a resolution earlier in the year which made a formal declaration inevitable. -
1000 Hessians Captured
Washington captured 1000 Hessians by suprising them while they were sleeping. -
Surrendered at Saratoga
General Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire command to American general Horatio Gates. -
Cornwallis Surrenders
The Siege of Yorktown, Battle of Yorktown, or Surrender of Yorktown in 1781 was a decisive victory by a combined assault of American forces led by General George Washington and French forces led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was adopted in 1781. It was the first written constitution adopted by colonists. -
Dutch Recognizes Unites States
The Dutch recognize the United States of America as a result of negotiations conducted in the Netherlands by John Adams. -
Slavery Abolished
The Supreme Court of Massachusetts abolishes slavery in that state. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on the one hand and the United States of America and its allies on the other. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising that took place in central and western Massachusetts from 1786 to 1787. The rebellion was named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War. -
Three Fifths Compromise
The Three Fifths was a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the enumerated population of slaves would be counted for representation -
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
The Northwest Land Ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River. -
Great Compromise
The Great Compromise was established as an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. -
The Federalist Papers
The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles or essays promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. -
Judicary Act of 1801
This represented an effort to solve an issue in the U.S. Supreme Court during the early 19th century. There was concern, beginning in 1789, about the system that required the justices of the Supreme Court to “ride circuit” and reiterate decisions made in the appellate level courts. -
Tripolitian War
This was a conflict between the United States and the Barbary States. Piracy had become a normal source of income in the N African Barbary States long before the United States came into existence. The new republic adopted the common European practice of paying tribute to buy immunity from raids. -
Naturalization Law of 1802
This Law replaced the Alien Act and moved the time you mst wait to become a citizen, from 14 years to 5 years. -
Marbury vs. Madison
This case is a landmark case in United States law and in the history of law worldwide. It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. -
Impeachment of Samuel Chase
The outcome of Chase's trial would largely determine whether the judiciary could remain independent. And the fly in Jefferson's ointment would be his own vice president, Aaron Burr, who was wanted in two states for the death of Alexander Hamilton. -
Burr and Hamilton Duel
The Burr–Hamilton duel was a duel between two prominent American politicians, the former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and sitting Vice President Aaron Burr. -
Lewis and Clark Expedition
This Expedition was the first transcontinental expedition to the Pacific Coast by the United States. Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson and led by two Virginia-born veterans of Indian wars in the Ohio Valley, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, the expedition had several goals. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,000 square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803. -
Battle of Trafalgar
The battle was the most decisive British naval victory of the war. Twenty-seven British ships of the line led by Admiral Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victory defeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line under French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve off the south-west coast of Spain, just west of Cape Trafalgar. The Franco-Spanish fleet lost twenty-two ships, without a single British vessel being lost. -
Battle of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of Napoleon's greatest victories, where the French Empire effectively crushed the Third Coalition. -
Embargo Act of 1807
The Embargo Act of 1807 and the subsequent Nonintercourse Acts were laws enacted by the United States Congress which closed all American ports to exports and restricted imports from Great Britain between the years of 1807 and 1812. The Acts were diplomatic responses by presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison designed to protect American interests and avoid war. -
Battle of Tippecanoe
This Battle was between United States forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and Native American warriors associated with the Shawnee leader Tecumseh. Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawanwere leaders of a confederacy of Native Americans from various tribes that opposed U.S. expansion into Native territory. -
Declaration of War of Britian
On June 1, 1812, President James Madison sent the "war message" to Congress. This document cited numerous American grievances against Great Britain including; impressment, the practice of searching American vessels in American waters, trade embargoes detrimental to the American economy and finally, the alleged incitement to violence of the First Nations by the British Army. Although this message was not a overt call for war, its implication was obvious. -
Battle of Dresden
The Battle of Dresden was fought on 26–27 August 1813 around Dresden, Germany, resulting in a French victory under Napoleon I against forces of the Sixth Coalition of Austrians, Russians and Prussians under Field Marshal Schwartzenberg. -
The Battle of Montereau
The Battle of Montereau was fought near Montereau-Fault-Yonne on 18 February 1814 and resulted in the victory of the French under Napoleon Bonaparte against the Austrians and the Württembergers under the King of Württemberg. -
American Colizination Society was formed
The American Colinization Society was the primary vehicle to support the "return" of free African Americans to what was considered greater freedom in Africa. It helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821–22 as a place for freedmen -
Erie Canal Construction begins
The Erie Canal is a waterway in New York that runs about 363 miles from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie, completing a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. The canal contains 36 locks and encompasses a total elevation differential of around 565 ft. -
Jefferson found University of Virginia
Thomas Jefferson founded the University of Virginia in 1819. He wished the publicly-supported school to have a national character and stature. Jefferson envisioned a new kind of university, one dedicated to educating leaders in practical affairs and public service rather than for professions in the classroom and pulpit exclusively. It was the first nonsectarian university in the United States and the first to use the elective course system. -
Smith founds Mormons church
This movement was founded by Joseph Smith, Jr. beginning in the 1820s as a form of Christian primitivism. During the 1830s and 1840s, Mormonism gradually distinguished itself from traditional Protestantism. -
Emma Willard Establishes Troy
Emma worked in several schools and founded the first school for women’s higher education, the Troy Female Seminary in Troy, New York. With the success of her school, Willard was able to travel across the country and abroad, to promote education for women. The Troy Female Seminary was renamed the Emma Willard School in 1895 in her honor. -
New Harmony Commune
New Harmony is the site of two of America's great utopian communities. In 1825, the Ha rmonists moved back to Pennsylvania and built the town of Economy near Pittsburgh. -
American Temperance Society
The American Temperance Society (ATS), also known as the American Society for the Promotion of Temperance was a society established on February 13, 1826 in Boston, MA.[1][2] Within five years there were 2,220 local chapters in the U.S. with 170,000 members who had taken a pledge to abstain from drinking distilled beverages. -
Noah Webster published dictionary
Webster's Dictionary refers to the line of dictionaries first developed by Noah Webster in the early 19th century, and also to numerous unrelated dictionaries that added Webster's name just to share his prestige. -
First Railroad in the U.S
On July 4, 1828 Charles Carroll, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, ceremoniously broke ground for the start of the first railroad in the United States, the Baltimore & Ohio. The railroad, which at first utilized horses to pull its trains, introduced the first commercially successful steam locomotives to America. The railroad was considered important enough to the internal improvement of the United States that the government provided West Point engineers to oversee its -
The Liberator
The Liberator was, an abolitionist newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison -
Debates of Slavery and Emancipation
This was a debate over whether or not to abolish slavery following the Nat Turner Rebellion in the summer of 1831. While Virgina did not abolish slavery, they did tighten restrictions on slaves. For instance, slaves could no longer be taught to read. -
Slave Rebellion in Virginia
Nat Turner's Rebellion (also known as the Southampton Insurrection) was a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia during August 1831.Led by Nat Turner, rebel slaves killed anywhere from 55–65 white people, the highest number of fatalities caused by slave uprisings in the South. The rebellion was put down within a few days, but Turner survived in hiding for over two months afterward. -
Mower Reaper
Cyrus McCormick of Virginia was responsible for liberating farm workers from hours of back-breaking labor by introducing the farmers to his newly invented mechanical reaper in July, 1831. -
Abolished Slavery in West Indies
The Emancipation of the British West Indies was proposed as early as 1787, but was not achieved until the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833.The British were the first to attempt to abolish slavery in the Caribbean during the early 19th century, but complete emancipation took a lot of time and effort to achieve. Many people, primarily in England, began to view slavery as cruel and unjust as The Enlightenment swept across the nation. The global economic changes taking place during th -
Lyceum Movement
The lyceum movement in the United States was a trend in architecture. Lyceums in the sense of organizations that sponsored public programs and entertainments -
Anti Catholic Riot
The Ursuline Convent Riots were riots that occurred on August 11 and August 12, 1834 in Charlestown, Massachusetts, near Boston in what is now Somerville, Massachusetts. During the riot, a convent of Roman Catholic Ursuline nuns was burned down by a Protestant mob. The event was triggered by reported abuse of a member of the order, and was fueled by the rebirth of extreme anti-Catholic sentiment in antebellum New England. -
Gag Rules
First introduced to the House floor by South Carolina's James Henry Hammond, the gag rule was a radical measure designed to completely eliminate debate dealing with abolition. Traditionally, representatives received and tabled antislavery prayers, or buried them in committee; the gag rule, however, prevented even this formality from taking place. This was not a spontaneous development, but a response to repeated petitions from John Quincy Adams and others to abolish slavery in Washington, D.C. -
Oberlin College
Oberlin College admitted its frist female students and they established Mount Holyoke Seminary. -
John Deere
John Deere was an Illinois blacksmith and manufacturer. Early in his career, Deere and an associate designed a series of farm plows. In 1837, on his own, John Deere designed the first cast steel plow that greatly assisted the Great Plains farmers. -
Ten Hour Day
Martin Van Buren was born on Dec. 5, 1782, at Kinderhook, N.Y. After graduating from the village school, he became a law clerk, entered practice in 1803, and soon became active in state politics as state senator and attorney general. In 1820, he was elected to the United States Senate. -
British Massacred in Afghanistan
A revolt against the British in Kabul forced them to agree to withdraw from the city and return to India. They did so under a safe conduct agreement. The Afghans instead attacked the British and massacred 4,500 soldiers and 12,000 civilians. -
Oregon Trail Opened
On May 22, 1843 nearly 1,000 settler began an overland trip to the Pacific. The first group overcame numberous hazards. Despite being forced to abandon most of their pocessions, the group made it safely to Oregon, They opened the way to countless settler to follow. -
Treaty of Wanghia
-Under the terms of this treaty, negotiated by Caleb Cushing, the United States gained the right to trade in Chinese ports, as well as gaining additional legal rights inside China. -
Texas Annexed
After the landslide victory of James Polk, who ran on a ticket supporting annexation of Texas, Congress approved the annexation by joint resolution. In years past, Congress had blocked the Tylers' treaties for these annexations. -
Mexican War
The U.S. Congress voted overwhelmingly to declare war on Mexico despite initial Whig opposition. Over the course of the two year war, the United States defeated the Mexicans and captured the capital, Mexico City. This enabled the U.S. to obtain favorable terms at the end of the war, including the ceding of New Mexico and California to the United States. -
Gold Discovered in California
In January 1849, President Polk announced that gold had been found in California. This set off the Gold Rush, in which 80,000 individuals headed for California to seek their fortunes. The first wave arrived on February 28, 1949, and became known as “the 49ers.” These people changed the face of California. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 held the Union together for another difficult ten years. The dispute was over the admittance of additional states into the Union, while maintaining the balance between free and slave states. -
First National Women's Convention
The first national Women's Conference was held in Worcester, Massachusetts. The meeting followed a local convention in Seneca Falls the year before. The convention, after much discussion, passed a resolution that stated: "Women are clearly entitled to the right of suffrage, and to equality before the law, without distinction of sex or color." -
California Gains Statehood
On September 9th 1850, California was admitted to the Union. The admittance of California was part of the Compromise of 1850. California was the 31st State admitted to the Union. -
Uncle Toms Cabin Signed
In 1852, the novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was published. It is most likely the novel that had the greatest historic impact on American society. The novel depicted the plight of a slave family. It was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, who was a mother of six. In the first year hundres of thousands of copies were printed and ultimately millions of copies were sold. The helped solidify the opposition to slavery in the North. Its success in France and England served as a break in the inclination of the -
Kansas Nebraska Act
The Kansas–Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The Act allowed Kansas and Nebraska to determine whether they wished to be slave or free states. Nebraska was not problematic, as its settlers favored the status of free state. However, the status of Kansas was bitterly fought over. -
Bloody Kansas
Northern anti-slave organizations encouraged their members to emigrate to Kansas. When it was time to vote for the first territorial legislature, Southerners poured in from Missouri and voted early and often. The supporters of slavery triumphed in this election and set up a territorial government in Shawnee Mission. The "free soilers," those who opposed slavery in Kansas, were outraged by this fraud and set up their own government in Topeka. As tension mounted, a group of pro-slavery raiders bur -
Merrimack vs. Monitor
Both ships encountered each other and fought each other to a standstill, The South had destroyed their ships to keep it from the grasp of advancing union troops -
Second Batttle of Bull Run
Lee had attacked the Union army led by General John Pope, and Pope was then crushed -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation declared thatt free slaves in those confederare states still in rebellion -
10% Plan
A state could be reinegrated into the union when 10% of its voters in the presiental election of 1860 had taken an oath of alliance to the US -
Wade Davis Bill
required that 50% of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance -
Ex Parte Milligan
The Supreme Court Case that ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians, even during war tme, in areas where the civil courts were opened -
Reconstruction Act of 1867
divided the south into 5 military districts and each were commanded by a union general and policed by union soldiers -
14th Amendment Was Passed
This Amendment gave US citizenship
