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Joseph Stalin
-born December 18, 1887,
-was the dictator of The Soviet Union from April 3, 1922 to October 16, 1952.
-He is known to be one of the most powerful and murderous dictators in history. -
Mao Zedong
-this man was a communist leader that wished to gain support in China.
-This group had to struggle for dominance against the nationalist party supported by the U.S., but the Communists eventually won.
-This man later made numerous policies and advancements for the Chinese while in power.
- This growth worried the U.S. for fear of communist expansion taking place -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
-Hew was responsible for the massive attack called D-Day
-Nearly 7,000 ships carrying 100,000 soldiers were headed towards Normandy as well as 23,000 paratroopers
- in less than 3 hours U.S. had captured e beach suffering less an 200 casualties -
United Nations
-The United Nations formation was a turning point in history as it replaced the League of Nations as the largest international group in the world to work to stop wars between countries and provide a platform for national dialogue.
-In 1942 the United Nations was formed to fight the axis powers.
-In 1945 the first UN meeting was held with 50 representatives from many countries and the UN Charter was drawn. -
Containment
-A policy of keeping communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic and military actions. -This policy rose from Kennan’s idea of how to prevail over the Russians during the Cold War by keeping them from expanding. -
Truman Doctrine
-Was a policy set by Harry Truman in his speech saying that Greece and Turkey would have support from the U.S. economically militarily in order to prevent them to fall to Soviet sphere.
-Greece and Turkey received aid equally even though Greece's problems were more severe. -
Harry S. Truman
-As running for president essentially created the C.I.A. and Department of Defense
-Truman had virtually no chance of winning so he approached the matters of foreign policy
-with the help of laborers, African Americans, and farmers, Truman won with a narrow victory -
Marshall Plan
-Through the Marshall Plan, the US distributed 13 billion dollars over 4 years to European countries, helping to rebuild post war Europe dramatically.
-George Marshall drew up the recovery plan to help European countries recover from World War II.
-The Marshall Plan was signed on April 2, 1948, and saved many industries from bankruptcy as well as increasing gross national product for many European countries up to 25% -
Berlin Airlift
-It was an aid to West Berlin and planes delivered all food, fuel, and essential good to the civilians living there.
-The efforts were a great success and it embarrassed Soviets whom believed that the Airlift would make make no difference to West Berlin. -
N.A.T.O.
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization.. is a military and political aliance among 28 countries. -The countries that are a part of N.A.T.O. all have a democratic government and one person from each country meet at N.A.C ...North Atlantic Counsil where they make political decisions
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Joseph MacCarthy
-in the 1950's, the red scare and advance of communism caused much chaos.
-This resulted in the senator known as McCarthy to take control of the pandemonium and abuse others with his power. -He predicted that there are numerous Soviet spies in the U.S., so they needed to discover them all and blacklist those that seemed suspicious.
-This ruined the careers of many, put the nation in a fear of communism and fear of possibly being suspected of supporting communism in any w -
Korean War
This event created the division of North and South Korea. The United States troops and Soviet troops occupied Korea in order to rid the Japanese stationed there. Soviets held North -Korea and Americans held the south.
-On June 25, 1950 however, Soviets armed North Korea which believed all of Korea was there and invaded the south. The Koreans in the South received support from Americans and drove them back. There is now a boundary line between the north and south known as the 38th parallel. -
Warsaw Pact
- The US and it's allies decided to allow West Germany to rearm and join NATO. -The decision alarmed Soviet leaders, who responded by organizing a military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact.
- It's significant because the it provided stablity between both conflicting forces and was a form of non-nuclear confrontation between the allied Soviet and the United Sta
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Vietnam War
-this event knocked Americans down from their high horse. -The United States had wished to support southern Vietnam from the communist control.
-In order to support them, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, but shortly afterwards, North Vietnam attacked the American advisers in Vietnam.
-This provoked an assault with aircraft by president Johnson. ---Not long after, the American involvement increased until war came about. -
Nikita Khrushcev
- He took over as leader of the Soviet Union -Delivers scret speech descrediting communism and increasing frustrations -june- riots erupt in Eastern Europe
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John F. Kennedy
-with his youth and optimism he was able to overcome the U.S. with a narrow victory
- on inauguration day he approached a crowd to give a speech and take the oath, in his speech he hoped to have his Americans to take a more active role in making the U.S. a better place -
Cuban Missile Crisis
-this event provided a scare for U.S. Armed Forces
-The S.U. Placed long-ranged missiles in Cuba which was dangerously close to the U.S.
- Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop the Soviets from delivering more missiles and he asked for Cuba to remove the missiles -
Lydon B. Johnson
-Became president in 1963, after John F. Kennedy's assassination.
-He launched progressive reforms for the people to help them get out of poverty.
-This became know as the "Great Society".
-This made a lasting impact for the life of an American. -
Ronald Reagan
-Between 1981 and 1989, Ronald Reagan, a republican polititian, served as the 40th president of the United States
-During this time, he decreased the inflation rate by 8% and developed a huge defense system.
-He significantly contributed to the conclusion of the Cold War. He died in 2004. -
Mikhail Gorbachev
- Mikhail was the last leader of the Soviet Union. -He believed that he had to fix the Soviet Unions economy or else it would collapse.
- They could not afford an arms race with the US, so Gorbachev met with Reagan in a series of meetings. Reagan offered peace if Gorbachev tore down the Berlin Wall
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Iran Contra Scandal
- In 1986, seven American citizens were being held as hostages in Iran as a threat to the United States. The United States sold weapons to Iran in exchange for these American hostages. In one of Ronald Reagan's speeches, he claimed to have been aware of the weapons exchange, but he dennied that the purpose of the trade was for the American hostages. In 1987, Oliver North was accused of the responsibility of this scandal, and he admitted to being so
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George H.W. Bush
-After serving as a veteran in World War II and a vice president of the United States, George H.W. Bush becomes the president of the US. Many democrats disliked his methods because his campaign portrayed him as too liberal andunpatriotic.
-Although, his endorsment from Regean reassured the American citizens.
-He played a very significant role in the Persian Gulf War, and sided drug traffickers and cracked down on opponents. -
Fall of Berlin Wall
-This is significant because it signifies the end of segregation in WWII
-People from around east and west Germany broke down the wall.
-Happened on November 9, 1989 and it allowed east and west Germans to reunite -
Collapse of the Soviet Union
-In 1991. Gorbachev announced the fall of the Soviet Union.
-15 soviet republics declared independence after the defeat of the coup.
-Communism was then outlawed, thus bringing an end to the cold war -
Berlin Wall
-In the early winter of 1989, Germany's eastern bloc's autorization system was liberalized.
-Germany was no longer able to keep the Berlin Wall stadning, so on November 9th, 1989, thousands of Germans on each side of the wall gathered around the wall to witness its demolition.
-As the demolition began, German civilians celebrated and stormed the wall.
-The civilians of both east and west Berlin were able to be together
