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Period: to
Cold War
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Yalta Conference
during World War Two. At Yalta, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin made important decisions regarding the future progress of the war and the postwar world.it happened because necessary decisions needed to be made and it affected the lives and regional power of many. -
North Vietnam
Following the defeat of Nazi Germany, World War II Allies including the U.S., Britain, and Soviet Union, hold the Potsdam Conference in Germany to plan the post-war world. Vietnam is considered a minor item on the agenda.
In order to disarm the Japanese in Vietnam, the Allies divide the country in half at the 16th parallel. Chinese Nationalists will move in and disarm the Japanese north of the parallel while the British will move in and do the same in the south. -
Berlin Declaration
On 5 June 1945 the supreme commanders of the Western powers met for the first time with their colleague from the Soviet Union. In Berlin-Wendenschloss they signed the Berlin Declaration, proclaiming the unconditional surrender of Germany and the assumption of supreme authority by the four victorious powers.On 5 June 1945 the supreme commanders of the Western powers met for the first time with their colleague from the Soviet Union. The meeting was hosted by the Soviet forces in Berlin. -
Potsdam Conference
After the Yalta Conference of February 1945, Stalin, Churchill, and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had agreed to meet following the surrender of Germany to determine the postwar borders in Europe. Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, and the Allied leaders agreed to meet over the summer at Potsdam to continue the discussions that had begun at Yalta. -
Iron Curtain Speech
Churchil l delivers the famous iron curtain speech in 1946 and he condemns the Soviet Union’s policies in Europe and declares, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” Churchill’s speech is considered one of the opening volleys announcing the beginning of the Cold War. -
First Indochina War
The First Indochina War, fought between December 1946 and August 1954, was a struggle between the Viet Minh and the French for control of the country. In the West this conflict is usually referred to as the First Indochina War; in Vietnam it is called the Anti-French War. This conflict followed the defeat of Japan in 1945 and the power struggle which followed their withdrawal from Vietnam.this war happened because enemy countries were growing aggressively and needed an end. -
Masrshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was an American initiative to aid Europe, in which the United States gave $13 billion (approximately $120 billion in current dollar value) in economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II.it happened because Europe needed USA's help and it had great impacts like farming and industrial growth. -
Containment Policy
George F. Kennan, a career Foreign Service Officer, formulated the policy of “containment,” the basic United States strategy for fighting the cold war (1947–1989) with the Soviet Union.It happened because the Soviets were aggressive and we needed to adopt a new policy which had great impacts for the country later on. -
Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade was an attempt in 1948 by the Soviet Union to limit the ability of France, Great Britain and the United States to travel to their sectors of Berlin, which lay within Russian-occupied East Germany. Eventually, the western powers instituted an airlift that lasted nearly a year and delivered much-needed supplies and relief to West Berlin. Coming just three years after the end of World War II, the blockade was the first major clash of the Cold War and foreshadowed future conflict -
Berlin Airlift
after ww2 Germany was divided into four sectors (British,American,Frensh and Russain) the Soviet part itself was divided into 4 sectors which Stalin blocked all the transportation ways and railroads and the only was to send food and help was by airplanes which the US helped send food and goods with! this efforst was known as Berlin Airlift andand caried more than 2.3 tons of cargo into west Berlin that lasted over a year. -
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union.it happened because it was necessary and had great impacts in defeating the Soviets...any policy or plan that helped improve war strategy was helpful during those times! -
Soviet Union tests A-Bomb
On August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb. It came as a great shock to the United States because they were not expecting the Soviet Union to possess nuclear weapon knowledge so soon. Previously, the United States had used two atomic bombs on Japan to cause them to surrender during World War II. The impact that the possession of nuclear weapons by the Soviet Union had upon the United States was that it caused Americans to question their own safety. -
People’s Republic of China founded
On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People’s Republic of China. The announcement ended the costly full-scale civil war between the Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalist Party which broke out immediately following World War II and had been preceded by on and off conflict between the two sides since the 1920’s.it had negative impacts since it led to start of a war and it happened because the Chinese leaders were power hungry phsycopaths! -
Second Red Scare
Communists were often referred to as “Reds” for their allegiance to the red Soviet flag.the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States intensified in the late 1940s and early 1950s, hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. became known as the Red Scare.Americans had a fear of communism back in those days and were frightened by that idea and this fear had negative impacts on the people and shook the nation for a while. -
Korean War-American Involvement
Armed forces from communist North Korea smash into South Korea, setting off the Korean War. The United States, acting under the auspices of the United Nations, quickly sprang to the defense of South Korea and fought a bloody and frustrating war for the next three years.USA under the United Nations helped south korea simply because they were defenseless and this act had great impacts for the 2 countries in a not-so-far future! -
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, a married couple convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage in 1951, are put to death in the electric chair. The execution marked the dramatic finale of the most controversial espionage case of the Cold War.
Julius was arrested in July 1950, and Ethel in August of that same year, on the charge of conspiracy to commit espionage. Specifically, they were accused of heading a spy ring that passed top-secret information concerning the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. -
Eisenhower Presidency
Bringing to the Presidency his prestige as commanding general of the victorious forces in Europe during World War II, Dwight D. Eisenhower obtained a truce in Korea and worked incessantly during his two terms (1953-1961) to ease the tensions of the Cold War.it was necessary for a well experienced president and the impacts were great. -
Nikita Khrushchev
Khrushchev's selection was a crucial first step in his rise to power in the Soviet Union—an advance that culminated in Khrushchev being named secretary of the Communist Party in September 1953, and premier in 1958. The death of Joseph Stalin on March 5, 1953 created a tremendous vacuum in Soviet leadership. -
Iranian coup d’état
The d'etat also knows as the 28 mordad coup in Iran was the overthrow of Iran's president Mosadegh by the CIA in the United States with Britain's assisstance.the CIA has publicly admitted to have taken role in this govenment overthrowing and the help they got from the Brits.Several Tehran newspapers publish the Shah's decrees. As a result, supporters of the Shah begin gathering in the streets, and another coup begins.the relations of the U.S and Iran continue to get worse -
Warsaw Pact
The Soviet Union and seven of its European satellites sign a treaty establishing the Warsaw Pact, a mutual defense organization that put the Soviets in command of the armed forces of the member states.
The Warsaw Pact, so named because the treaty was signed in Warsaw, included the Soviet Union, Albania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria as members. -
Suez Crisis
Israeli armed forces pushed into Egypt toward the Suez Canal after Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the canal in July of that same year, initiating the Suez Crisis. The Israelis soon were joined by French and British forces, which nearly brought the Soviet Union into the conflict, and damaged their relationships with the United States. In the end, the British, French and Israeli governments withdrew their troops in late 1956 and early 1957. -
Hungarian Revolution
Hungary in 1956 seemed to sum up all that the Cold War stood for. The people of Hungary and the rest of Eastern Europe were ruled over with a rod of iron by Communist Russia and anybody who challenged the rule of Stalin and Russia paid the price.this took place because Russian leaders wanted power and in order to get it,they established a communist government wherever they could and the death of Stalin in 1953 had no impacts of weakening this policy at all. -
Sputnik
the world’s first artificial satellite. The spacecraft, named Sputnik after the Russian word for “satellite,” was launched at 10:29 p.m. Moscow time from the Tyuratam launch base in the Kazakh Republic.it was launched because satellites were necessary during ww2 and could detect enemy planes and was needed for other useful matters. -
Cuban Revolution
In 1959 Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista flees the island nation. Amid celebration and chaos in the Cuban capitol of Havana, the U.S. debated how best to deal with the radical Castro and the ominous rumblings of anti-Americanism in Cuba.On January 1, 1959, Batista and a number of his supporters fled Cuba for the Dominican Republic. Tens of thousands of Cubans celebrated the end of the dictator’s regime. -
Kennedy Presidency
John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States (1961-1963), the youngest man elected to the office. On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, becoming also the youngest President to die.he is mostly remembered because of the breath taking decision he made on atomic war with USSR. -
U2 Incident
An international diplomatic crisis erupted in May 1960 when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) shot down an American U-2 spy plane in Soviet air space and captured its pilot, Francis Gary Powers.it was indeed a very depressing day for the U.S since it lost one of its very greatest pilots who was shot for spying suspicions. -
First Man in Space
The first man ever to go to space from planet earth and experience something nobody has ever experience before was nobody but Yuri Gagarin who was a Russian Soviet pilot and cosmonaut.He was one of Russia's biggest prides and a great history establishment of achievment as the shuttle was launched and he got into space successfully in April 12th. -
Bay of Pigs
On January 1, 1959, a young Cuban nationalist named Fidel Castro drove his guerilla army into Havana and overthrew General Fulgencio Batista,the invasion did not go well: The invaders were badly outnumbered by Castro’s troops, and they surrendered after less than 24 hours of fighting. -
Berlin Wall
The end of World War II in 1945 saw Germany divided into four Allied occupation zones. Berlin, the German capital, was likewise divided into occupation sectors, even though it was located deep within the Soviet zone.so East Germany and West Germany were completely separated by the huge gigantic "Berlin wall" it happend because the Soviets had communism and the Easterns didn't want that. -
Checkpoint Charlie
for 16 hours from the 27 to 28 October 1961, US and Soviet tanks faced each other in divided Berlin and the two superpowers came closer to kicking off a third world war than in any other cold-war confrontation, bar the Cuban missile crisis a year later.it was when Germany was divided into 4 sectors and the Soviets decided to start the world war within that region that started off with a blast and certainly did not have a great impact and made the relations of the two countries worse by time. -
JFK Assassination
Shortly after noon on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas.this assassination took place because JFK was an important ruler with important decisions that he held and made but sadly was murdered along with his brother Robert. -
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
On August 4, 1964, President Lyndon Johnson announced that two days earlier, U.S. ships in the Gulf of Tonkin had been attacked by the North Vietnamese. Johnson dispatched U.S. planes against the attackers and asked Congress to pass a resolution to support his actions.it had good military impacts on the country afterwards -
Vietnam War - American involvement
In early August 1964, two U.S. destroyers stationed in the Gulf of Tonkin in Vietnam radioed that they had been fired upon by North Vietnamese forces. In response to these reported incidents, President Lyndon B. Johnson requested permission from the U.S. Congress to increase the U.S. military presence in Indochina he did that so the U.S could defend itself against Vietnamese attacks and many lives were taken. -
SALT I
During the late 1960s, the United States learned that the Soviet Union had embarked upon a massive Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) buildup designed to reach parity with the United States. In January 1967, President Lyndon Johnson announced that the Soviet Union had begun to construct a limited Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) defense system around Moscow which had some negative impacts on the relation of the 2 countries -
Prague Spring
The “Prague Spring” originated with attacks on the Czechoslovak President Antonin Novotny at the Writers Union Congress in June 1967. Escalating student demonstrations led in January 1968 to Khrushchev supporter Alexander Dubcek being appointed President. Dubcek’s reform program was adopted on 5 April but ended on 20-21 August when Soviet troops invaded. -
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was a series of surprise attacks by the Vietcong (rebel forces sponsored by North Vietnam) and North Vietnamese forces, on scores of cities, towns, and hamlets throughout South Vietnam. It was considered to be a turning point in the Vietnam War.It occured due to the many forces and pressure the country was under and definitely had some negative impacts on Vietnam and how people viewed it as a country later on. -
Nixon Presidency
Richard Nixon was elected the 37th President of the United States after previously serving as a U.S. Representative and a U.S. Senator from California. After successfully ending American fighting in Vietnam and improving international relations with the U.S.S.R. and China, he became the only President to ever resign the office, as a result of the Watergate scandal.he made relations with war countries good and ended several attacks from foreign countries -
Apollo 11
On July 20, 1969, American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin (1930-) became the first humans ever to land on the moon. About six-and-a-half hours later, Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon.Apollo launch was one of America's proudest moments and how it affected this countrie's value from different perspectives of other nations -
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
The United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom signed the treaty, which limits the spread of military nuclear technology by the recognized nuclear-weapon states - U.S., U.S.S.R., U.K., France and China - to non-nuclear nations wishing to build or acquire atomic weapons. Non-weapon states agree not to get nuclear arms and countries with nuclear weapons will negotiate for disarmament. -
Détente
Détente by definiton is the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries.and one of the easing of hostility that occured in 1972 was between the Unite States and the Soviet Union that began tentatively in 1971 and took decisive form when President Richard M. Nixon visited the secretary-general of the Soviet Communist party, Leonid I. Brezhnev -
Nixon visits China
President Nixon called his historic 1972 visit to China, made for a eight-day television extravaganza and a public relations coup for hosts and guests alike. For eight days and nights, American television audiences tuned in to a spectacular parade of images from China, the first they had seen in more than twenty years.this had some great impacts on the relationship of the two countries and how each group of people from these 2 countries viewed eachother furthur along -
SALT II
President Jimmy Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT-II agreement dealing with limitations and guidelines for nuclear weapons.this didn't go quite as planned in some people's opinions but happened to be one of the most controversial U.S.-Soviet agreements of the Cold War. -
Paris Peace Accords
The United States, South Vietnam, Viet Cong, and North Vietnam formally sign “An Agreement Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam” in Paris.the South Vietnamese were presented with a separate document that did not make reference to the Viet Cong government. This was part of Saigon’s long-time refusal to recognize the Viet Cong as a legitimate participant in the discussions to end the war. -
Chilean coup d’état
By 1973, the Chilean Congress and Judiciary stood against Allende. They claimed that his government went against the Chilean constitution. The military then stormed his palace and Allende died while armed. Although the U.S. appeared to have no involvement in the coup, many historians and analysts have claimed that Kissinger played a part in the death of Gen. Rene Schneider, since the general was against a military overthrow of Allende. -
Yom Kippur War
in 1967, Egyptian and Syrian forces launched a coordinated attack against Israel on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar.in this time America had lost a territory which they hoped to get back from Israel from the third Arab-Israeli war that happened in 1967 which did nothing but to worsen the relations of muslims and jews,arabs and israelis. -
Khmer Rouge & the “Killing Fields”
Khmer Rouge seized power in 1975, and in 1976 Khmer Rouge established a new constitution with the new flag under offical name, Democratic Kampuchea. As one of the most violent regimes of the 20th century, the Khmer Rouge regime was responsible for the deaths of approximately 1.7 million people by execution, starvation and forced labor -
Fall of Saigon
In late April 1975, the outskirts of Saigon were reached by the North Vietnamese Army (NVA). On April 29th, the United States knew that their token presence in the city would quickly become unwelcome, and the remaining Americans were evacuated by helicopter or fixed-wing aircraft. The surrender of Saigon was announced by the South Vietnamese president. -
Iran Hostage Crisis
a group of Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking more than 60 American hostages. The immediate cause of this action was President Jimmy Carter’s decision to allow Iran’s deposed Shah, a pro-Western autocrat who had been expelled from his country some months before, to come to the United States for cancer treatment.this had plenty of negative impacts on the Iran_US relations that brought up many sanctions with itself -
Iranian Revolution
there was a huge amount of opposition against Mohammad Reza Shah since most countries labled him as a dictator and most Iranians "at the end of his emperor" knew him as a U.S puppet who gave large amounts of oil to westerners for cheap...one of the opposition rallies was lead by Ayatollah Khomeine who wanted to establish an Islamic "Shit'e" republic in which he succeeded "unfortunately" and he did it by highjacking the march and giving people false promises that just made Iran's relations bad. -
Reagan Presidency
Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and conservative spokesman who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.Some viewed him good and some bad but overall he did some great things for the U.S and some bad. he is mostly famous for his statement "will again be the exemplar of freedom and a beacon of hope for those who do not have freedom" that wanted to establish democracy in countries that needed it. -
Korean Air Lines Flight 007
Korean Airlines (KAL) flight 007 was on the last leg of a flight from New York City to Seoul, with a stopover in Anchorage, Alaska. As it approached its final destination, the plane began to veer far off its normal course. In just a short time, the plane flew into Russian airspace and crossed over the Kamchatka Peninsula, where some top-secret Soviet military installations were known to be located. The Soviets sent two fighters to intercept the plane. the K A L F 007 was shot down later on -
Reagan and Gorbachev meet
President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavik, Iceland, to continue discussions about curbing their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe. Just when it appeared that agreement might be reached, the talks fell apart amid accusations and recriminations, and U.S.-Soviet relations took a giant step backwards.which i believe didnt have much impacts and the two countries would have been the same if it did or didnt happen "the meeting" -
Reykjavik Summit
On October 11, 1986, halfway between Moscow and Washington, D.C., the leaders of the world’s two superpowers met at the stark and picturesque Hofdi House in Reykjavik, Iceland. Secretary General Mikhail Gorbachev had proposed the meeting to President Ronald Reagan less than thirty days before. The expectations for the summit at Reykjavik were low. the Reykjavik Summit was a success for the U.S that had positive impacts for the country -
“Tear Down This Wall” speech
I believe one of the most inspirational and important speeches ever given was the “Tear Down This Wall” speech spoken by Ronald Reagan one of America's presidents.The Berlin Wall, referred to by the President, was built by Communists in August 1961 to keep Germans from escaping Communist-dominated East Berlin into Democratic West Berlin. The twelve-foot concrete wall extended for a hundred miles, surrounding West Berlin, and included electrified fences and guard posts. -
Tiananmen Square Massacre
In May 1989, nearly a million Chinese, mostly young students, crowded into central Beijing to protest for greater democracy and call for the resignations of Chinese Communist Party leaders deemed too repressive. For nearly three weeks, the protesters kept up daily vigils, and marched and chanted.these protests occured because the Chinese communist government was suffering the people and the citizens had enough and decided to make a change. -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall stood until November 9, 1989, when the head of the East German Communist Party announced that citizens of the GDR could cross the border whenever they pleased. That night, ecstatic crowds swarmed the wall. Some crossed freely into West Berlin, while others brought hammers and picks and began to chip away at the wall itself.it happened because Germans did not want their country divided into sectors which later on had benefitial impacts since the country did not get seperated. -
Gulf War
Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein accused Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates of flooding the world oil market. and thus waging "economic war" against Iraq.Iraqi military forces invaded and occupied Kuwait.Which this later on turned into a war between Iraq-Iran that brought many tears and had around 750,000+ deaths due to some anti-Iranian movement Saddam had adopted "Also anti-Shi'te hatred" and the war lasted for 8 years and had negative impacts for the 2 countries. -
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
In December of 1991, as the world watched in amazement, the Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries. Its collapse was hailed by the west as a victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism, and evidence of the superiority of capitalism over socialism.this even took place because it needed to! the USSR was extremely aggressive and many people's lives were under threats so its collapse was necessary!
