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Robert E. Lee +
Date: Born~ Jan 19, 1807; Died~ Oct. 12, 1870
Location: Born~ Stratford Hall VA. Died~ Lexington VA.
What: He was known for his leadership in the Confederate Army. He was known for signing the surrender at Appomattox.
Why: His father was a Revolutionary War Hero, he had military blood.
Impact: He ended the war. -
Jefferson Davis +
Date: Born~ June 3, 1808; Died~ Dec 6, 1889
Location: Born~ Fairview KY. Died~ New Orleans, LA
What: He was known for being the one and only President of the Confederate States of America, during the Civil War. He was later captured in May 1865 and imprisoned for 2 years before being released on bail.
Why: He had a background in politics and was the Senator of Mississippi and the Secratary of War, so he was a good fit.
Impact: Still the Confederates surrendered to the Union. -
Abraham Lincoln +
Date: Born~ Feb 12, 1809; Died~ April 15, 1865
Location: Born~ Hodgenville KY. Died~ Washington D.C.
What: He is known for being the 16th President of the U.S. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
Why: He started to put an end to the biggest problem the U.S had, to help get the U.S on track.
Impact: He got the U.S going in the right direction by putting an end/stopping the spread of Slavery. -
Mary Todd Lincoln+
Date: December 13, 1818- July 16, 1882
Location: Lexington, Kentucky
What: Mary was one of the most controversial women in history, and was first lady to the 16th president, Abraham Lincoln. During the Civil War she was accused of treason.
Why: Mary was accused because most of her family sided with, and supported the Confederacy,
Impact: She helped Abraham with his political career, and also was a loving mother. -
Harriet Tubman+
Date: Winter of 1819- March 10, 1913
Location: Bucktown, Maryland
What: She was an abolitionist, Union nurse and spy, and played a large role in the underground railroad.
Why: Tubman herself fled from slavery using the underground railroad and then made a plan to go back and rescue all of the slaves looking for freedom.
Impact: Tubman helped over 300 slaves flee to freedom in her lifetime. -
Susan B. Anthony+
Date: February 15, 1820- March 13, 1906
Location: Adams, Massachusetts
What: She was a main contributer to the women's suffrage movement.
Why: Anthony believed strongly in women equality and fought for it her whole life.
Impact: For her contribution to women's rights, she was the first women to be printed on a circulating U.S. coin. -
Florence Nightingale+
Date: May 12, 1820- August 13, 1910
Location: Florence, Italy
What: During the Crimean War, she improved a British hospital and cared for soldiers all day with her team of nurses.
Why: The secretary of war, Sidney Herbert, sent Florence a letter asking her to care for the wounded soldiers in the war.
Impact: Nightingale lowered the death rate of the hospital by two thirds, and saved hundereds of soldiers in her time. -
Clara Barton+
Date: December 25, 1821- April 12, 1912
Location: North Oxford, Massachusetts
What: Barton dedicated her whole life to helping people, she was a nurse and worked at many hospitals during the Civil War.
Why: Barton was a talented nurse which led to many generals, and Lincoln to requesting her help during the war.
Impact: Her career led her to establish the American Red Cross, and also throught her life she helped the Women's suffrage movement. -
John Pope +
Date: Born~ March 16, 1822; Died~ Sept. 23, 1892
Location: Born~ Louisville KY. Died~ Sandusky OH.
What: He was known for being the Brigadier General of the Union Army of VA. He led them to defeat at the Second Battle of the Bull Run.
Why:He had been chosen to lead Lincoln back to the capitol when he first became president, so he was then moved higher to Brigadier.
Impact: The Union Army wass defeated at the Second Bull Run. -
Ulysses S. Grant +
Date: Born~ April 22, 1822; Died~ July 23, 1885
Location: Born~ Point Pleasant, OH. Died~ Wilton, NY.
What: He was known for his great leadership role as the Union General. He is known for leading the U.S Union to victory in Appomattox where he got Lee to surrender.
Why: Lincoln believed he could end the war, so he let him lead the troops.
Impact: Ended the war with Union victory. -
Thomas Jackson +
Date: Born~ January 21, 1824; Died~ May 10, 1863
Location: Born~ Clarksburg, VA. Died~ Guinea VA.
What: He was known for leading the troops in the First Battle of the Bull Run in July 1861. He got the name Stonewall when Bee compared Jackson to a stonewall. "Look, men! There is Jackson standing like a stone wall!"
Why: Wanted to open the war to Richmond and bring the war to an end.
Impact: He was then promoted to Major General and shipped to Shendoah Valley to defend the South. -
Louisa May Alcott+
Date: November 29, 1832- March 6, 1888
Location: Germantown, Pennsylvania
What: Alcott was an author, and published The Little Women, and Hospital Sketches, based off the Civil War.
Why: During the Civil War she was a nurse and wrote her books because of her experiences.
Impact: She contributed to the end of slavery by nursing in the Union Hotel Hospital. -
South Carolina Succeeds
Date: December 20, 1860
Location: South Carolina
What: South Carolina was the first state to succede from the Union
Why: They succeded due to Lincolns election, because he was a Republican, and was working to stop the spread of slavery.
Impact: Formed the Confederacy -
Confederacy Formed
Date: February 9, 1861
Location: Montgomery, Alabama
What: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Louisiana, and Texas succede. Jefferson Davis became president of the COnfederate States of America
Why: Formed after Lincoln was elected President and began working towards the end of the spread of slavery
Impact: Led to the attack on Fort Sumter which in turn led to the Civil War -
Fort Sumter
Date: April 12, 1861- April 13, 1861
Location: Charleston Harbor, South Carolina
What: First battle of the Civil War, the confederacy bombarded Robert Anderson's Union.
Why: The Succession of South Carolina led to them assuming the fort was theirs, but Lincoln disagreed.
Impact: Began the Civil War -
First Battle of Bull Run
Date: July 21, 1861
Location: Mahassas, Virginia
What: Union army (Gen. Irvin McDowell) attacks the Confederacy (Gen. Thimas Jackson), and the Union troops retreat.
Why: Lincoln wanted to attack and take over Richmond to end the war quickly.
Impact: First major land battle of the Civil War, and told the North that the war was not going to be as quick and easy as they hoped. -
Shiloh
Date: April 6-7, 1862
Location: Near Pittsburg Landing on Tennessee River
What: Confederates by Albert Sidney Johnston, attacked the Union led by Ulysses S. Grant. Johnston later bled to death along with many other Union and Confederate soldiers.
Why: Grant wanted contol over Corinth in Mississippi, so Johnston attacked before Grant's troops could combine with Bruell's.
Impact: It was the bloodiest battle of its time. -
Antietam
Date: September 17, 1862
Location: Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland
What: George McClellan commanding the Army of Potomac and Robert E. Lee commanding the Confederates, fought it out in Miller’s Cornfield.
Why: Lee wanted to keep going into the North and other countries were helping the Confederates.
Impact: This was the bloodiest single day in U.S Military history. -
Emancipation Proclamation Announced
Date: September 22, 1862
Location: Near Sharpsburg, Maryland
What: The Emancipation Proclamation was announced that all slaves in the rebellion territory on January 1, 1863, would be free.
Why: This was put out to help stop the spread of slavery and once these places were captured, they would be free. -
Battle of Fredericksburg+
Date: December 11- 15, 1862
Location: Fredericksburg, Virginia
What: Union army (Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside) attacked Confederacy (Gen. Robert E. Lee), Confederacy had strong counter attack and the Union retreated
Why: Burnside wanted to quickly move his force into Virginia and advance on the Confederacy capital of Richmond
Impact: One of the greates Confederate victories, first major opposed river crossing in history, huge loss for the Union at a total of 13,000 casualities -
Battle of Chancellorsville+
Date: April 30 - May 6, 1863
Location: Chancellorsville, Virginia
What: Joseph Hooker, with the Union crossed the Rappahannock Ford's to attack Robert E. Lee and his troops. Lee, and Stonewall Jackson split their troops and attacked in two places, winning the battle
Why: The Union planned to advance and seize the Confederacy capital
Impact: Confederates lost Stonewall, he died from an accidental gunshot from one of his own men, Robert E. Lee's victory of this battle is his greatest one. -
Gettysburg
Date: July 1-3, 1863
Location: Pennsylvania
What: The Union and Confederacy go to war, resulting in 50,000 casualties.
Why: This war was sparked when Robert E. Lee decided to attack the North for a second time.
Impact: This was the largest battle in the Civil War, and is also considered the turning point. It was the last time the South attacked the North. -
New York City Draft Riots
Date: July 13- 16 , 1863
Location: New York City, and other northern cities
What: Riots broke out in the cities and led to over 120 deaths
Why: The government tells the people that they are required by law to join the army
Impact: The battle lasted four days and was the largest civilian isurrection, it exposed racial, social, and economical divides. -
Grant takes command of all Union Armies
Date: March 10, 1864
Location:
What: Lincoln gave Grant contol of the U.S Armies. He then launched 3 offensis, Philip H. Sheridan- lay waste to farm land in VA, Sherman get Atlanta, and Grant get Lee's army.
Why: Lincoln gave him the Armies if Grant could end the war in 1 year.
Impact: Got Atlanta. The destruction of Shenandoah Valley and got Lee to surrender. -
Sherman Captures Atlanta
Date: September 2, 1864
Location: Atlanta
What: "Atlanta is ours, and fairly won." ~ General William T. Sherman who captured Atlanta by going around it and cutting off all supplies causing the Confederates to flee and soon after Sherman and troops bombed it.
Why: The Union wanted to seize the important rail by Atlanta.
Impact: It assured Abraham Lincolns re-election. -
13th Amendment
Date: January 31, 1865
Location: Washington D.C
What: "Neither slavery nor invollentary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."(Part of the amendment).The 13th amendment was a big change for the U.S as it ended slavery. It went into effect on December 6, 1865.
Why: Many felt that slavery should be illegal. It passed 119 to 56.
Impact: Slavery became illegal. -
Lee's Surrender at Appomattox
Date: April 9, 1865
Location: Appomattox, VA
What: "After four years of arduous service marked by surpassed courage and fortitude the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources," Said Lee to his troops. Lee surrendered Confederates to General Ulysses S. Grant after evacuating Petersburg.
Why: Lee's supplies were captured and didn't see much of a way out.
Impact:The war was finally over. -
Lincoln Assassinated
Date: April 15, 1865
Location: Washington D.C
What: While attending "Our American Cousin" with Lincolns' wife, Mary and officer Major Henry Rathbone, when he was shot. Killer was John Wilkes Booth.
Why: Booth was a true Southerner and he thought Lincoln would destroy the condtitution and the South.
Impact: Left a hole in the leadership. Andrew Johnson stepped up to the plate and had some similar ideas to Lincolns. -
14th Ammendment Passed
Date: July 28, 1868
Location: Congress
What: 14th ammendment passed, "...grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including former slaves..."
Why: Adopted after the Civil War to gaurantee black rights, to grant citizenship, and protect the civil liberties of recently freed slaves.
Impact: Previous slaves were safe and from now on equal citizens
