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6.) “Battle of Fort Sumter”
a. Began on April 12, 1861 and ended on April 14, 34 hours later.
b. The Confederates come out victorious.
c. An explosion occurred, causing the only death of the engagement.
d. The shelling of U.S. property aroused and united the North. During the war the Confederates manning the fort withstood almost constant bombardment from July 1863 to February 1865. The fort itself was largely reduced to rubble. -
Period: to
Civil War
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5.) “Battle of First Bull Run”
a. The battle began on July 21, 1861 and ended the next day.
b. The Confederates came out victorious on this one.
c. The first battle of Bull Run cost some 3,000 Union casualties, compared with 1,750 for the Confederates. The confederates were more powerful and were able to break through the Union line.
d. Lincoln removed McDowell from command and replaced him with George B. McClellan, who would retrain and reorganize Union troops defending Washington into a disciplined fighting force, thereaft -
10.) “Battle of Hampton Roads”
a. The battle began on March 8, 1862 and ended the next day.
b. The winner in inconclusive.
c. There was not really a winner to this battle.
d. The Monitor, with 16 crewmen, was lost during a gale off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on December 31, 1862. The wreck of the Monitor was located in 1973, and in 2002 marine salvagers raised the ship's gun turret and other artifacts from the wreckage. -
Shiloh
April 6, 1862 - April 7, 1862. Confederate generals launched a surprise attack on Grant’s forces in Tennessee. The confederates were unable to hold their position and were forced to retreat. This resulted in Union victory. In February, Grant’s troops had taken Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland. Grant then wanted to attack the Memphis and Charleston railroad, but the confederates attacked him before he received reinforcements. There was no winner. -
Peninsula Campaign
March - July 26, 1862. McClellan was promoted to head of Union army. McClellan wanted to capture Richmond. He was able to defeat General Johnson, but not Lee. The seven day battle resulted in Union loss. -
Second Bull Run
August 28, 1862 - August 29, 1862. There was a firefight between Jackson’s men and one of Pope’s divisions on the night of August 28, 1862. Pope decided to attack Jackson’s men the next morning. Jackson’s men held their ground and turned back the Federal assault. This victory gave Lee’s troops confidence since they had defeated an army twice the size of themselves. Lee then launched an invasion on the North. -
1.) “Battle of Antietam” “
a. The battle of Antietam began on September 17, 1862 and ended the next day.
b. The Union, under Major General George B. McClellan came out victorious due to withdrawal.
c. The battle would be considered to be inconclusive due to amount of casualties on both sides but in my perspective McClellan was victorious because of Lee’s decision to withdrawal.
d. The draw that the Union claimed as a victory provided the Lincoln administration enough justification to issue the preliminary Emancipation Pr -
7.) “Battle of Fredericksburg”
a. The battle began on December 11, 1862 and ended on the 15th of December.
b. The Confederates were victorious.
c. The Union had suffered nearly 13,000 casualties, most of them in front of Marye's Heights, while the Confederates counted fewer than 5,000 and Franklin failed to send 50,000 more troops forward when given the opportunity, and Jackson was able to launch a successful counterattack.
d. The battle restored Confederate morale after Lee's unsuccessful campaign into Maryland in the fall -
3.) “Battle of Chancellorsville”
a. The battle started on April 30 to May 6, 1863.
b. Confederate General E. Lee came out victorious.
c. Even though Lee was fighting against an army twice the size of his own. Lee daringly split his troops in two, confronting and surprising Union Gen. Joseph Hooker. Taking over Hooker and causing him to retreat. Hooker lost 17, 278 men to Lee losing only 12, 826.
d. Lee now possessed the strategic initiative, which in a few weeks would lead him north to Gettysburg. -
9.) “Battle of Gettysburg”
a. The battle began on March 8, 1862 and ended the next day.
b. The winner in inconclusive.
c. There was not really a winner to this battle.
d. The Monitor, with 16 crewmen, was lost during a gale off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on December 31, 1862. The wreck of the Monitor was located in 1973, and in 2002 marine salvagers raised the ship's gun turret and other artifacts from the wreckage. -
9.) “Battle of Gettysburg”
a. The battle began on July 1, 1863 and ended on July 3rd.
b. The Union has taken this victory.
c. Union infantry opened fire on the advancing rebels from behind stone walls, while regiments from Vermont, New York and Ohio hit both of the enemy's flanks. Caused the survivors to scramble back to shore.
d. Lee waited for a Union counterattack on July 4, but it never came. Demoralized by the defeat at Gettysburg, Lee offered his resignation to President Jefferson Davis, but was refused. -
Vicksburg
Spring 1862 - July 4, 1863. The Union wanted to control Vicksburg because of the Mississippi River. Grant moved his troops all around the city. When Pemberton tried to flee with his men, they ran into Union troops. Pemberton surrendered on July 4. This was a huge event in this war. It helped the Union in many ways, it was a turning point in the war. -
4.) “Battle of Chattanooga”
a. Began on September 19, 1863 and ended on the next day.
b. The Confederates took the victory.
c. There were 34,624 casualties in all, of which 16,170 where the Union.
d. Bragg's inaction turned a tactical triumph for the South into a strategic defeat, as Union forces were allowed to get safely to Chattanooga. -
8.) “Gettysburg Address”
a. The speech was given on November 19, 1863
b. President Abraham Lincoln delivered it.
c. It is one of the most memorable speeches in American history.
d. The speech was only 272 words too.
e. Thought by many today to be the most eloquent articulation of the democratic vision ever written. -
Wilderness
May 5, 1864 - May 7, 1864. Grant was trying to move through the wilderness of Spotsylvania. General Lee sent troops to attack him. On May 5 the Union troops and Confederate troops fought on the Orange Turnpike. Lincoln wouldn't surrender. They marched away and the confederates thought they retreated but then the Union attacked. There were many casualties in this battle. -
Spotsylvania
May 8, 1864 - May 21, 1864. The Union army tried to capture it at night, but the confederates beat them there. Grant used multiple techniques to break the confederate lines. None of them worked. Niether side was victorious in this battle. -
Petersburg Campaign
June 18, 1864- April 9, 1865. The Union army captured Fort Harrison on September 29, 1864. Since the southern railroad was destroyed, the confederate troops were physically exhausted because of the lack of supplies. General Ulysses S. Grant forced the confederates back to the battle of Fort Stedman. Then Lee’s troops were pushed back to Petersburg, forcing him to surrender. This was a series of military operations in the final months of the Civil War that resulted in the South’s defeat. -
Mobile Bay
August 5, 1864 - August 23, 1864. A Union ship hit a mine and sank. Then Union troops charged the bay and took over the bay within two hours. Fort Morgan was captured by the Union on August 23. The Union won and now the Gulf is sealed from further blockade running. -
Sherman's March
September 2, 1864 - April 9, 1865. General Sherman’s troops captured Atlanta, this was very important because it was a railroad hub and the industrial center of the confederacy. Then they marched towards Savannah, and when they got there they were surprised to take it so easily. They then chased the confederates to Charleston, where they surrendered and the war was over. Sherman’s March ended the Civil War, the Union won. -
2.) “Battle of Appomattox”
a. The battle began on April 9, 1865 and ended later that day.
b. The Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union General Ulysses S. Grant.
c. The union cut off Lee’s final retreat which led him to no other choice but to surrender, finally ending four years of bloody sectional conflict.
d. In 1954 the entire 968 acre area was designated a historical park. -
Lincols Assassination
April 14, 1865 - April 15, 1865. John Wilkes Booth assassinated the President at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C. The President died at 7:22 a.m. the next morning. Tens of thousands of people lined the railroad and paid their respects to their fallen leader. On April 26, Union troops surrounded and burned down the house that held Booth and Herald. You could say the south won because they killed the President, but I don't see a winner.
