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Creation of the Republican Party
Formation of anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, and Free Soilers Party
Anti-slavery but not advocates for equal rights
Against Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854, for Wilmot Proviso
Advocated for: protective tariffs, infrastructure, Free Homestead Act -
Election of 1860
Republican Party- A. Lincoln
anti-slavery, anti-equality
Northern Democratic Party- S. Douglass
popular sovereignty
Southern Democratic Party- J. Breckinridge
pro-slavery
Constitutional Union Party- J. Bell
neutral on all controversies dividing the north and south -
South Carolina secedes
Secede after election of A. Lincoln
Strong supporters of slavery
Demand all federal property in the state to be surrendered to State authorities -
Confederate States of America
The Confederacy is created withe the secession of seven Southern states (SC, FL, MS, AL, GA, LA, TX) from the US. They name Jefferson Davis president and include most of their previous government but emphasized the importance of slavery and white man's rule. -
Fort Sumter
Beginning of the Civil War
Fort Sumter was a US base in Charleston Harbor, SC's largest harbor
As a US ship was approaching to resupply the Fort, cadets fired at the ship sending it to retreat back to New York
Anderson and his troop surrendered to the overwhelming Carolinian brigade
A gun malfunction led to the first casualty of the Civil War, and the only casualty at Fort Sumter -
Battle of Gettysburg
Turning point of war, Confederate R. Lee is in constant retreat until war end
Largest number of casualties in the entire war -
Battle of Bull Run
First major battle of the Civil War
Both sides were ill-prepared
Union first attacked but were shockingly defeated by Confederate "Stonewall" Jackson -
Monitor and the Merrimac
First engagement between two iron-clad naval vessels
Union- Monitor
Confederacy- Merrimac
The ships battled in Chespeake Bay for five hours, ending in a draw. -
Emancipation Proclamation
After victory at the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln frees all slaves in the south, which he had no authority over. Lincoln only freed southern slaves because he didn't want to upset neutral border states helping the Union in the war. -
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
A. Lincoln's plan for reunification of the Union
Though the war had not yet been won, Lincoln decided to begin planning the complex postwar reconstruction
Full pardon for and restoration of property to all engaged in the rebellion with the exception of the highest Confederate officials and military leaders
New state government to be formed when 10 percent of the eligible voters had taken an oath of allegiance to the United States
States must plan for the future of now freed slaves -
Sherman's March to the Sea
Followed the seige of Atlanta
"Scorched earth warfare" or "total war"
Destroyed military targets as well as industry, infrastructure, and civilian property
Disrupted the South's economy and its transportation networks
Designed to ruin any Confederate hopes of reconvening and fighting the Union once more
Prevented Confederate reinforcements from reaching R. Lee's troops -
Wade-Davis Manifesto
Declared Reconstruction was a legislative, not executive, matter
Designed to weaken the power of the president
Vetoed by A. Lincoln -
Freedman's Bureau established
US federal government agency that aids freed slaves
Intended to last only one year under A. Lincoln, the Bureau lasted until 1872 under U. Grant
Pushed both whites and blacks to work together as employers and employees rather than as masters and as slaves
Expanded to help find lost family for African Americans and teach them to read and write so they could better do so themselves -
Appottomax Court House
Official surrender of the Confederacy ending the Civil War
Robert E. Lee was retreating to join other Confederate forces but was continually stopped by Union forces slowly surrounding Lee
Grant offered Lee generous terms of surrender, including none of the men being imprisoned, money for food rations, and allowing the men to bring their livestock home for spring planting -
Lincoln Assasination
First American president assasination
Shot by J. W. Booth in Ford Theatre
Booth worked with three other conspirators to eliminate Vice President A. Johnson and Secretary of State W. Seward, however neither assasination suceeded -
Thirteenth Amendment Adopted
Follows the 1860 Emancipation Proclamation which freed all southern slaves during the Civil War
Abolish slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime
Black Codes and vagrancy laws were created in the south to prolong slavery under a different name -
Reconstruction Acts
Requirements for a secessionist state to rejoin the Union
Must ratify the 14th Amendment and grant voting rights to black males
Majority of southern voters must pledge allegiance
Each state must pass a new state constitution, approved by congress
Placed south under militay supervision until 1877
A. Johnson repeatedly vetoed Congress' bills but was frequently overruled -
Fourteenth Amendment Adopted
Protects citizenship rights and equal protection of the law
Southern states were forced to ratify the Amendment to be welcomed back into the Union
The Due Process Clause prohibits state and local government officials from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without legislative authorization
The Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction -
Fifteenth Amendment Adopted
Universal male suffrage
States cannot deny a citizen the right to vote based on their "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
Republicans wanted to win elections by a wider margin after Grant barely won the 1868 presidency, passed the suffrage act in hopes that blacks would vote in their favor
Southerners discouraged black suffrage through different legal methods such as poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses
The Ku Klux Klan murdered and terrorized blacks for voting
