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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Civil Rights Organization that fights for equality for African Americans. -
Race Riots
Chicago Race Riot: Police refused to arrest white people who stoned a black man to death and caused him to drown. This incident caused a lot of tension, resulting in riots. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Thurgood Marshall
Won the Brown vs. Education of Topeka case, making segregation illegal in schools. -
Rosa Parks
A seamstress and an NAACP officer took a seat in the front row of the "colored" section of a Montgomery bus. She refused to move seats for a white person. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans refused to ride the city buses in Montgomery, Alabama to protest segregated seating. -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr./Gandhi/Thoreau/Randolph
From Thoreau, King learned the refusal to obey an unjust law. From Randolph, he learned to organize massive demonstrations. From Gandhi, he learned to resist oppression without violence. -
Emmett Till
African American boy who who was murdered for allegedly flirting with a white woman. -
Little Rock School Integration
Governor Orval Faubus mobilized the Arkansas National Guard in an effort to prevent nine African American students from integrating the high school. -
The Sit-Ins
African American protesters sat down at segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until they were served. -
Freedom Rides
A bus trip made to parts of the southern U.S. by persons engaging in efforts to integrate racially segregated public facilities. -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and Martin Luther King Jr. and the SCLC went on a mission to desegregate Alabama. -
March on Washington
One of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and demanded civil and economic rights for African Americans. -
24th Amendment
Prohibited poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Malcom X
Head of Nation of Islam. Urged African Americans to identify with Africa. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
March from Selma to Montgomery for voting rights
People were protesting a brutal murder and the denial of their constitutional right to vote, six hundred people were attacked by state troopers and mounted deputies dressed in full riot gear. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Eliminated devices such as literacy tests that had been used to restrict voting by black people. -
De jure vs. De Facto segregation
De Jure: segregation by law
De Facto: segregation that exists by practice and custom. -
Black Panther Party
Practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S. government, and fought to establish revolutionary socialism through mass organizing and community based programs. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Ruled that "separate but equal" did not violate the 14th Amendment.
