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Scott v. Stanford (1857)
Scott and his family, who were slaves at the time, wanted to buy freedom from their new owner but got refused. Scott sued her claiming that they should be freed, since they were living in free State, and the State court declared him free. Mrs.Emerson left Scott’s family to her brother and he appealed the decision to the Missouri Supreme Court, in which ruled that Scott did not have the right to sue in the federal court since he could not qualify as U.S. citizen because he was black. -
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Reconstruction & Reconstruction Amendments (1865-1877)
1865-1877: time in which was used as an effort to rebuild the South after the war. -
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Jim Crow Era (1877-1960s)
1877-1960's: Black Codes & Jim Crow Laws- Black codes were put into place to essentially make “freed” slaves work for next to no money, and essentially be a slave again. Jim crow laws were intended to segregate black people and to further persecution. -
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
The court decision made racial segregation legal throughout United States
"separate but equal" -
19th Amendment (1920)
Made the rights of the people to be protected from the government and the States based on gender. -
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Scottsboro Boys (1931-1937)
Nine black boys were accused of raping two girls; the court violated multiple rights of these boys. For example, the boys got an attorney that is not apropriate. Also, the trial was made too public, with 3,000 mobs wating outside. another example would be that even though there was more evidence that the girls were not raped, eight of the boys were sentenced to death and one got life in prison. -
George Stinney case (1944)
George Stinney was convicted of murder and was sent to the court. Before, after, and during the court trial, the court and the police violated several of his rights as a citizen. -
Brown v. Board (1954)
"separate but equal" doctrine the black community sued the board of education for violating the equal protection clause by having two separated schools. Board of education stated that it did not violate, cine they had an equal level of education. the court decided that it did violate the equal protection clause. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
stopped the discrimination based on race, religion, sex, and nationality -
Voting Rights Act of (1965)
-an effort to prevent violating voting rights; the government cannot change voting laws that might affect a minority without special permission. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
prohibited discrimination on sale, rental and financing housing based on race, religion, national origin, or sex. -
California v. Bakke (1978)
upheld affirmative action, in which the court allowed for the colleges to have a race as one of their several factors to college admission. -
Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)
gave privilege to the minority groups, and the court's decision said that it violated the equal protection clause. -
Meredith v. Jefferson Co Board (2007) (Louisville school integration)
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Shelby County v. Holder (2013) (elimination of pre-clearance enforcement)