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key
1 achievement, 2 protest, 3 legislation/supreme court case, 4 violence by protesters, 5, violence by opposition, 6, no violence -
Keys V Carolina Coach Company 2
Sarah Louise Keys was in the Women´s Army corp and filed this complaint due to bus segregation. Sarah was forced by a bus driver to yield her seat to a white Marine as she was traveling home. Jim Crow Laws were governing Southern bus travel, the bus driver decided to move the other passengers to another bus along with barring Sarah from joining all because she refused to give her seat up to a white man. The court ruled it as unjust discrimination and unresonable prejudice and disadvantage. -
Emmett Tills Murder 5
Emmett Till was an African American visiting family in Mississippi at the time when he was abducted, tortured, and killed after being accused of whistling at a white woman when he was just buying candy., her husband and a couple of his friends did the monstrosity. They beat him to where he was unrecognizable along with throwing his deceased body into a river wrapped in barbed wire. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott 2
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was an act of protest due to the policy of racial segregation on buses in Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa Parks played a big role in this case due to her refusal to give her seat to a white person on the bus. She was arrested but African Americans started to refuse to ride on the buses to show that it was not right. After the arrest along with the federal ruling of Browder v. Gayle, they ruled the segregation was unconstitutional. -
Founding of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference 2&6
The SCLC was founded in Atlanta, Georgia. They advocated confrontation by segregation through civil dissent, the ¨direct action¨ included boycotts, marches, and other forms of nonviolent protests. This organization believed that churches should be involved in political activism. Martin Luther King Jr. was the first official president from its founding until his assassination. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957 3&6
The Civil Rights Act of 1957 authorized prosecution of those who violated the right to vote for United States citizens. -
Greensboro Sit-In 6&2
The Greensboro sit-in was a form of protest, it was when African American students staged a sit-in at Woolworth´s lunch counter in Greensboro. Many protesters were arrested for trespassing their actions made a lasting impact forcing Woolworths and many other establishments to change their segregation policies. -
Freedom Rides 6
Freedom riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States, they challenged segregation on interstate buses and bus terminals. -
Birmingham Movement 2,5&6
Thousands of African Americans came together and marched downtown Birmingham. The Public safety coordinator demanded that police and fire use force to stop the protests. Many were arrested after being beaten by water hoses. -
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S. 3
The motel refused to rent rooms to African Americans even though it violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The owner and the defendant went to court. The case ruled a permanent injunction and forced the motel to conduct business with all ethnicities. -
The assasination of Martin Luther King Jr. 2&6
Martin Luther King Jr. was shot while standing on the balcony outside second-floor room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. This resulted in major outbreaks of racial violence which resulted in more than 40 deaths nationwide. -
Swann V Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools 3&6
Schools would segregate whites and blacks which resulted in James Swann´s father putting up a fight considering his son had to walk further when there was a perfect school closer, since the school was for whites only James was not allowed to attend. Swann and his family took this to court. The first judge ruled in the school's defense stating they did not have to racially mix. The case was brought up again by a different judge and this resulted in the sped-up process of racial integration. -
Shirley Chisholm Presidential Campaign 1&6
Shirley Chisholm became the first African American to run for presidency and also being the first woman to run for the democratic party. Chisholm also worked to make the bill for domestic workers to have the right to minimum wage. -
Hank Aarons home run record 6
Hank Aaron was an American professional baseball right fielder, he played 23 seasons in Major League Baseball. Before playing in the Major League, Aaron was seen briefly in the Negro American League, during his time in Major League Baseball he and his family received extensive racist threats. Aaron hit a 715th homerun. -
Barbara Jordans address at the democratic national convention
In her speech, she called for Americans to commit themselves to a ¨national community¨ and the ¨common good¨. She was the first black woman to deliver a keynote address at a major party convention. -
University of California regents V Bakke 2,3&6
University of California Regents V Bakke was a court case that was caused because Bakke felt as if the university was using race as the definite decision for admission. The court case resulted in the court ruling it as unconstitutional that the university used racial ¨quotas¨ in their admission process.