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14th Amendment
The amendment allowed all people who were born or naturalized in the US, to be considered a citizen of the country no matter the circumstances, this also meant that no states in the country should make laws that affect the peoples privileges. -
13th Amendment
This amendment declared that slavery should be no more, meaning that it abolished slavery, and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment in crime towards African Americans -
15th Amendment
This amendment allowed the rights of citizens to vote should not be abridged or interfered with by any state because of color, race, or previous experience with slavery, or servitude. -
Plessey v. Ferguson
This case revolved around the idea that racial segregation could happen to public places as long as they are equal in quality, or "Separate to be Equal". -
Truman desegregating the military
In this event President Truman gave an executive order to abolish racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces. His actions lead to the end of segregation services, towards African Americans, and colored people -
Brown V. Board of Education
In this case, a plaintiff named Oliver Brown filed a class-suit against the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, after his daughter, Linda Brown, was denied entrance to Topeka’s all-white elementary schools. Brown claimed that schools for black children were not equal to the white schools, and that segregation violated the so-called “equal protection clause” of the 14th Amendment. -
Rosa Parks / Montgomery Bus Boycott
In this period of time, the Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil-rights protest that African Americans did, to prove that they would refuse to ride city buses, to protest against segregation. Four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested and fined $10 and 4 more for her court fees, and also for refusing to yield her bus seat to a white man. -
Little Rock Crisis
The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Despite the preventing of their entrance to the school, with guards standing in front of the schools entrance, the nine students registered to be the first African Americans to attend Central High School. -
Sit-in movement
Sit-in's in restaurants first began when four students from North Carolina A & T College sat down at a Woolworth lunch counter in downtown Greensboro, North Carolina. In the sit-in's it was simple sit quietly and wait to be served. Often the participants would be disrespected and threatened by local customers. SIT-IN organizers believed that if the violence were only on the part of the white community, the world would see the righteousness of their cause. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South to protest segregated bus terminals. Most of the time the riders were confronted with police officers that arrested them, as well as horrific violence from white protesters along their routes, but also drew international attention to their cause. -
James Meredith and Ole Miss
This event was about measures safely being taken to transport James Meredith to the University of Mississippi, where he enrolled in accordance with a U.S. Supreme Court decision upholding desegregation of the institution. He was to be protected because of the Ole Miss riot that had occurred, because of his enrollment.
