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Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1892 an African American refused to sit in a car for blacks. Rejecting his argument that they were violating his rights, in 1896 the Supreme Court made a "separate but equal doctrine" -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
This organization's mission was to ensure all political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights to all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Well he attended a sit-in in Chicago, Illinois at Jack Spratt's Coffee Shop which was the first peaceful movement he had done. Martin Luther King was most important voice in the civil rights movement because he was able to teach people there was other ways to protest than resulting to violence. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
The Supreme Court Ruled that segregation of children in school was unconstitutional. This ruling helped the civil rights movement and also proved the "separate but equal" was in fact not equal at all -
Dejure vs. De Facto segregation
De Facto- In fact
De jure- in law
Racial segregation that happens "by fact" rather than by legal requirement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Civil rights movement in which African Americans refused to ride buses in Montgomery, Alabama. -
Emmett Till
The significance of this boy was to show how the African Americans were being treated over small situations just because the color of their skins. -
Malcom X
Urged followers to defend against white aggression "by any means necessary" and was very outspoken. -
Rosa Parks
Known for refusing to give up her seat on the bus and giving other people confidence to stand up. -
Little Rock School of Integration
There was group of nine black students called the Little Rock Nine who enrolled in a formerly all-white Central High school in Little Rock, Arkansas. -
The Sit-Ins
On February 1, 1960 a new tactic was added to the peaceful activist strategy. Four African American college students in a coffee shop in Greensboro, North Carolina was denied service. The four waited patiently to be served despite threats and intimidation. -
Race Riots
In many states race riots occurred within minorities in cities. -
Freedom Rides
A group of white and African american civil rights activists who participated in freedom rides where they tried to use "whites-only" restrooms and lunchroom counters at a bus station in Alabama. Group was was confronted by arresting police officers and horrific violence. This brought international attention. -
March on Washington
A massive protest in Washington, D.C. 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial. This was also the occasion of Martin Luther King, Jr's I have a dream speech. -
March on Birmingham Alabama
Activist in Birmingham, Alabama launched one of the most influential campaigns in civil rights Movement: Project C. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This Act ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on basis of race,color, religion, sex or national origin. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. This aimed to overcome the unfair barriers that kept African Americans from voting. -
March from Selma to Montgomery for voting rights
Martin Luther King led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators to the steps of the capitol in Montgomery. This was in effort to register black voters in the south. -
Black Panther Party
The party's original role was to patrol African American neighborhoods from acts of police brutality. Eventually developed into a Marxist revolutionary group. -
24th Amendment
The right of citizens in the United States to vote in any primary or other election. It shall not be denied or abridged due to failure of any poll tax or other tax.
