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Dred Scott V. Stanford
Dred Scott was a slave, then slavery was not allowed in Missouri. Scott wanted to become a citizen, but the government would not let him become a citizen. The court ruled that any slave or ancestor of a slave was property under the fifth amendment. -
13th Amendment
This amendment abolished slavery. This amendment says that no man should have involuntary servitude unless it is a punishment for a crime. -
14th Amendment
States cant deprive citizens of life, liberty, or property. This is also the due process amendment. This is the equal protection saying that everyone has the same rights. -
15th Amendment
It gave black males the right to vote. Even though they were given the right to vote they still had barriers to vote. They had to either pay to vote or they had to take a literary test to vote. -
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Jim Crow Era
These were laws and discriminations against black people. Jim Crow laws legalized racial segregation. people who went against Jim Crow laws faced arrest, fines and death. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Homer Plessy was seven eighths Caucasian tried to sit in a white car on a train. He was considered black by the Louisiana law. People told Plessy to move from the car and he refused and was arrested. They ruled in court that segregation was not unconstitutional and that things could be separate but equal. -
19th Amendment
This granted the women the right to vote. This was considered a radical change in US history. women practiced civil disobedience and hunger strikes to get suffrage. -
Brown V. Board of Education
Brown V. the Board of Education overturned Plessy on the separate but equal laws. They found that separate but equal was unconstitutional. After the supreme court case they had integrated schools and bused students into white schools. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
the Civil Rights Act prohibited discriminations on peoples color, race, religion, sex, national origin. This said that employers couldn't discriminate when hiring, firing, and promoting. Southern congress opposed this for a long time. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Overcame the barriers to vote at state and local levels. It is considered one of the most far reaching of civil rights legislation. This got rid of the literary test that people had to take to vote. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is also know as positive discrimination. Its a way to increase representation of women and minorities in work and schools. Affirmative action was made to make sure they were not discriminating. -
Reed V. Reed
in Idaho males were preferred to females in being appointed administrators estate. Both Reeds fought over who would become the administrator of the estate. The court ruled that men and women should be treated the same under the fourteenth amendment. -
Equal Rights Amendment
It is a proposed amendment to guarantee equal rights of a US citizen regardless of sex. ended legal distinctions between men and women in terms of property, divorce and employment. It invalidate state and federal laws that discriminate against women. -
Regents of the University of California V. Bakke
A school had reserved spots for qualified minorities as a part of affirmative action. Bakke was rejected twice from the school his test scores and qualifications exceeded those of the minority. The court found that the school violated the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. -
Bowers V. Hardwick
Hardwick was arrested for having homosexual intercourse in his own home. The court found there was no protections for sodomy so the state could outlaw those practices. White tried to protect the rights not easily identified in the constitution. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
protects Americans with disabilities from discrimination in all areas of public life. Made to give people with disabilities equal opportunity that people without disabilities have. This also got rid of barriers to buildings by making things accessible to everyone. -
Motor Voter Act
Allows citizens to be able to register to vote when they are issued their drivers license. This was to encourage people to vote. In the first year of implantation more than 11 million people registered to vote. -
Lawrence V. Texas
Police saw two men engaging in consensual sexual act, the two men were arrested. It was against Texas law to engage in certain sexual conduct. They were free as adults to engage in the private conduct in the exercise of their liberty under the Due Process Clause. -
Obergefell V. Hodges
Groups of same sex couples sued their states agencies to challenge the bans on same sex marriages. They argued that the bans violated the equal protection clause and the due process clause. The courts found that the ban on same sex marriage was taking their basic rights.
