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Congress of Racial equality created
-Civil Rights- the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality
-CORE organized the Freedom Rides
-CORE's leader was James Farmer -
Dodgers Hire Jackie Robinson
-Color Line-a social system in which a group of people (typically nonwhite) are denied access to the same rights, opportunities, and facilities as other people (typically white) on the basis of skin color
-He was the first black person to play in the MLB
-Him being signed to the dodger helped end segregation in MLB -
Executive Order 9981
-Segregation-the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart
-It allowed the black to be able to fight in wars
-The white soldiers got along with the colored ones and the whites thought that the colored soldiers fought well -
Brown vs. Board of Education Ruling
-Thurgood Marshall-an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
-The warren court decide 9-0 that it was a violation of the 14 amendment and they said "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."
-It had been decide before by another court they it was "separate but equal' -
Montgomery bus boycott
-Boycott-withdraw from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a punishment or protest
-Rosa Parks had refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man and got arrested
-Blacks refused to ride the busses and eventually they ended segregation on busses -
Integration of Little Rock High School
-Little Rock Nine- A group of black people enrolled into little rock high school
-The black students were chosen for their great grades and attendance
-They sent guards to protect the 9 because of the harassment -
First Lunch Counter Sit-in
-Jim Crow laws-Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued in force until 1965
-4 main men would sit at counters in restaurants that were for whites only
-They would take up the spots where the whites were supposed to sit until they were provided service -
Freedom Rides
-Civil Disobedience: Peaceful protest against something protester disagrees with
-CORE was involved with organizing these freedom rides
-CORE ended up abandoning the Freedom Rides, but SNCC continued them
-Some Freedom Riders were beat up for their cause -
Birmingham campaign
-SCLC-Southern Christian Leadership Conference
-Videos of what happened in Birmingham were seen by JFK and he helped bring in the 1964 civil rights act
-MLK was the president of SLCL -
March on Washington
-NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
-More than 200,000 people came to the march / political rally
-It is where MLK had his "I have a dream" speach -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Plessy vs. Ferguson- was a landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
-It gave EVERYONE the right to be served in a facility
-Civil rights leaders were not happy that it didnt end discrimination in private employment and initiate desegregation -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-Disenfranchise- not letting someone have the right to vote
-Congress passed the Voting Rights act n 1965
-Blacks got the right to vote because of this act -
Watts Riot
-Ghettos-a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups
-There were 34 deaths and over 40 million dollars in property damage
-The LAPD were very discriminatory against latinos and blacks and there was a lot of police brutality and they finally decided to fight back -
Black Panther Party Founded
-Black Power-a movement in support of rights and political power for black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s
-it was founded in late 1966 and ended in 1982
-lots of people left the party because it was supposedly involved in illegal drug deals and extortion schemes -
Advocates for black Nationalism
-Nation of Islam-an organization composed chiefly of African Americans, advocating the teachings of Islam and originally favoring the separation of black and white racial groups in the United States: members are known as Black Muslims
-It was inspired by the success of the Haitian Revolution
-The ideology became the philosophy of many groups -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
-Discrimination-the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex - -
Swann vs. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
-Desegregation-the ending of a policy of racial segregation
-was to promote integration in schools
-students would go to the school closest to them instead of the black or white school -
Regents of the university of california vs. baake
-Affirmative action-an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination
-baake was rejected for many school for being too old
-He sued because it was a violation of the rights of white applicants
