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Plessy v. Ferguson
This case legalized segregation with it's idea of "separate but equal" which is just not possible. -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
The NAACP was founded in 1909. It was created to ensure the rights of African Americans. -
The Sit-Ins
In 1942 Chicago Congress of Racial Equality organized the first sit-ins. African-Americans sat at segregated lunch counters and wouldn't leave until served as a form of protest. Another sit-in occurred in 1960 in North Carolina. This sit-in was televised, sparking a new trend of news capturing the undeniable racism going on in America. -
Malcolm X
He was arrested at the age of 21 and sentenced to prison for burglary. He was influenced by Elijah Muhammad. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
This officially banned racial segregation in schools. -
De Jure vs. De Facto Segregation
De Jure is segregation by law while De Facto is segration by fact/choice. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an American Lawyer. He won the Brown v Board of Education Case in 1954. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African-Americans stopped using the buses. This showed that they could successfully organize a protest. The buses were mostly empty since usually African-Americans filled most of the bus. The boycott lasted for about a year and was successful. -
Rosa Parks
In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus. -
Emmett Till
Emmett was brutally murdered by white men after being accused of flirting with a white woman. His mother held an open casket funeral so others could bare witness to the cruel, racist, & unjust actions of whites in the south. They were brought to trial and the white men were found not-guilty. -
Little Rock School Integration
These were the first schools to comply with the Supreme Court's ruling to end segregation in schools and integrate. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders rode buses to the south, which was still very segregated, to challenge the U.S. Supreme Court into enforcing the law. -
March on Washington
This was a massive protest where people gathered in D.C. around the Lincoln memorial. This was were Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I have a Dream" speech. -
March on Birmingham, Alabama.
MLK, Ralph Abernathy, Fred Shuttlesworth among others were arrested for protesting without a permit. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
MLK was inspired by Randolph's leadership, Thoreau's writing, and Gandhi's non-violent nature. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This Act was a major legislative achievement for civil rights. It banned segregation in all public places as well as employment segregation. -
24th amendment
The 24th amendment abolished the poll tax which had before limited African Americans' ability to vote. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 stopped discriminatory voting practices like literacy tests. -
March from Selma to Montgomery for Voting Rights
MLK led thousands of peaceful protesters to Montgomery, Alabama, on a 54 mile march all the way from Selma. They were fighting for fair voting rights. -
Black Panther Party
This was founded in 1966. It was a political organization to challenge police brutality against African Americans. -
Race Riots
Race Riots took place in many cities. One race riot took place in Los Angeles, it's known as the Watts riot, or Watts Rebellion. It took place for about 5 days.
