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Early Civil Rights Movement
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Martin Luther King, Jr.
MLK Jr. Video
As a child Martin Luther King Jr. attended segregated schools. Later on he attended Morehouse Colledge where he met Benjamin E. Mays, who also spoke for racial equality. He then attended a theological seminary in Pennsylvania. After he got a Bachelor's degree and was elected president of his class, he became a pastor of a Baptist Church. -
Martin Luther King Jr. (Continued)
The then attended several marches, conferences, and gave many speeches to help fight against racial segregation and to help achieve equal rights for all races. On April 4, 1968 Martin Luther King Jr. was shot to death. Jarmes Earl Ray, his shooter was sentenced to 99 years in prison after pleaded guilty. -
Benjamin E. Mays
Like many other African Americans, Benjamin E. Mays was born into a family of tenant farmers. As he progressed in his education he was accepted into Bates College. After he graduated he went back into school and got a Phd in religion. Later, he travelled to India and met Ghandi who had a great impact on the Civil Rights Movement later in history. Soon after his journey to India, he became the president of Morehouse College. There, he had a great influence on many students specifically MLK Jr. -
1946 Three Governor's Race
In 1946 Eugene Talmadge was elected governor for the fourth time. However, he was ill and passed away soon after. As a result, his son, Herman Talmadge, was elected governor by the General Assembly. The lieutenant governor, Melvin Tompson, claimed that he was to be governor. Ellis Arnall, who was in office, claimed that he was still in office until the official governor was decided. At first, it was stated that Herman Talmadge was to be governor. -
Three Governor's Race (continued)
Ellis Arnall admitted defeat and began to support Thompson. Later, it was ruled that Thompson was to be governor because he was lietenant governor, and as a result of Eugene's death, he was to be the new governor. Herman left the office later, and began to run for other elections. -
Herman Talmadge
Herman Eugene Talmadge, son of Eugene Talmadge, ran for governor in 1946. Finally he was elected governor by the Geeneral Assembly, but conflicts arose which started the Three Governor's Race. 10 years later in 1956, Herman Talmadge ran for Senate and was elected. He focused on helping the farmers and others in rural areas. As a result of this, the food-stamp act and the Rural Development Act of 1972 were created. The Rural Developement Act of 1972 helped build sewage systems in rural Georgia. -
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Late Civil RIghts Movement
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Brown v. Voard of Education
Brown v. Board of Education Documentary
On May 17, 1954 13 plaintiffs claimed that the schools in Topeka Kansas were NOT equal and did not follow the 14 amendment. However, the claim was dismissed and was said to be constitutional. Later, Warren claimed that the racial segregation in the school did violate the 14th amendment. As a result the court agreed that students could not succeed in life if their education was bad. -
Andrew Young
Andrew Young joined the National Council of Churches in 1957 to help protect African American shoolchildren in desegregation. The then left his position to work with the SCLC. He eventually rose up to the executive directorship of the SCLC. After MLK's assassination, he won 5th district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. He helped the causes of poor Americans and helped Carter in his human rights focus. He then returned to Georgia and was elected as mayor. -
1956 State Flag
The State Flag of 1956 was a result of the Civil War. This Confederate Flag was used as the State's Flag from 1956 until the creation of the new flag in 2001. This flag was said to be unfit as Georgia's flag. It was also found offensive because it was used by many white supremacists. -
Lester Maddox
Lester Maddox grew up in a family of poverty. He dropped out of high school and began to work at Atlantic Steel and the WPA. in 1957 he decided to challence Hartsfield in a mayoral race. Although he was unsuccessful, he tried again at the contest against Ivan Allen and lost again. He then won at the gubernatorial contest of 1966 and defeated Arnall. When he was a governor, he appointed many African Americans to the government positions. -
Sibley Commission
Governor Ernest was forced to decided whether he should shut down public school or desegregate them. After the 1954 Brown vs Board of Education decision, it was hard for the Sibley Commission to desegregate the schools. Sibley allowed the witnesses to choose whether they should segregate the schools or not. As a result more than half of the witnesses chose to segregate. -
Sibley Commission (cont.)
The General Assembly was to make a final decision on Jan. 1961. Later, a dudge ordered that two black students are to be accepted into UGA. Vandiver then ordered that the university should be closed. However, the judge reversed his decision. A bill was then passed in Jan. 31st and the schools were officially desegregated. -
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to UGA (continued)
The two were then suspended from the college. After the riot, some faculty risked their jobs to sign a resolution that demanded that both students were readmissioned. On Jan. 16 The students were readmissioned to UGA. As a result of the two students being harassed, many African American students attended UGA later on in 2006. -
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to UGA
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter were the first two African Americans admitted into UGA. At first they tried to apply in 1959, but they were declined because of "milited space". He then Attended Morehouse College, but still tried to submit applications to UGA hoping to get in. Both of them filed a suit for repeated refusal in 1960 and were finally accepted in 1961. Many students were against the integration. They started a riot and the police had to come in and stop the riot with tear gas. -
Albany Movement
John F. Kennedy Speaks about the Albany MovementThe Albany Movement was a mass movemnt of many African Americans which resulted in over 1,000 African Americans going to Jail. Some SNCC students encouraged the African Americans to vote. As a result, many African Americans were beat, killed, and sent to jail. Martin Luther King was also jailed as a result. They continued to conduct non violent marches. Finally, the black voting registration effors were successful and the city commission removed all the segregation statues from its books. -
March on Washington
March on Washington quick Video
Over 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington, D.C., for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The march was created to raised awareness on the challenges that African Americans faced. At first, the march was expected to attract around 100 thousand participants. The NAACP and the SCLC urged both blacks and whites across the country to attend the march. -
March on Washington (cont.)
The march was a success. The number of black and white Americans who attended the march was double the expected, and they all shared a day of many speeches, songs, etc. The March then ended after Martin Luther King Jr. spoke his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights act of 1964 ended segregation and banned discrimination against race, color, religion, etc. It was proposed by President JFK and was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson. A year later in 1956 they further brought equality to African Americans through the Voting Rights act of 1956. Ever since the Reconstruction, the Africans fought against the U.S. Congress for a civil rights act. The act then banned the use of federal funds for any discriminatory program. -
SNCC
SNCC VideoThe Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (A.K.A. the SNCC) was formed in order to give young black Americans a "voice" in the movement. In order to help achieve equal rights for all races, the students participating in the SNCC would go to sit-ins that were for whites only. They also helped in desegregating busses and marches with MLK Jr. However, many students were injured and some were killed as a result. -
Maynard Jackson as Mayor of Atlanta
Maynard Jackson was the first African American to serve as mayor of Georgia. He served eight years and then returned for a third term in 1990. He entered Morehouse College through an early-entry program and graduated when he was 18. At the age of 35, he won with a little over half of the votes and became the first black mayor. As mayor he helped make sure that minor businesses recieved more attention. He also worked with the police to help reduce police mistreatement against the blacks.
