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United Farm Workers Movement
César Chávez and Dolores Huerta recognized that California’s farm workers suffered from low wages and few benefits. They believed that by uniting these workers by forming the National Farm Workers Association, they could bargain for better pay. After uniting with a Filipino farmers union, they became the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee. Their focus has been mainly on better wages and pay and continue to organize today -
Equal Pay Act 1963
The equal pay act was signed into law on June 10th 1963. This act was created to prevent a pay gap created by the discrimination of the female gender. An amendment to the Fair Labor Standards the law mandates equal pay for equal work. The bill was one of the first laws to make strides toward reducing gender discrimination. The law includes guidelines for unequal pay based off of components of seniority, merit, quality and quantity of production. -
Equal Pay Act 1963 Pt 2
This brought awareness to gender discrimination but did not stop discrimination against their quality of work. -
California Grape Boycott
This boycott was organized by the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee when they were refused to be recognized by California grape grower companies. Chávez believed that nonviolent protests would be the best way to achieve higher wages for Californian fruit workers. In this boycott, farm workers were sent to various grocery stores around the country to discourage any purchases of California grapes. -
California Grape Boycott Pt 2
This boycott lasted 5 years, and at the end, California companies finally recognized the union and met their demands of higher wages. -
N.O.W
Some felt the Equal Employment Opportunity Commision wasn’t doing enough towards women’s grievances so the National Organization for Women was put together to push for child care facilities to allow mothers to keep working, they also pressured the EEOC to enforce equal hire for men and women. NOW’s efforts prompted the EEOC to declare sex-segregated ads illegal and to provide guidelines that meant women would no longer be refused for traditionally male jobs. -
N.O.W Pt. 2
This organization included supporters such as Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem and 175,000 more. -
The Brown Berets
David Sanchez organized a Chicano group to fight police brutality and the Vietnam war. They formed groups in California, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Oregon, and in the Great Lakes area. In addition to taking direct action against police brutality, they supported other Mexican American movements such as the United Farm Workers Movement and the Land Grant Movement. Lastly, they organized the National Chicano Moratorium, a group that focused their efforts on the anti-war movement. -
Chicano “blowouts”
The Chicano blowouts were walkouts from schools across the Los Angeles area in response to unequal schooling conditions. These walkouts began in Wilson High School and spread to Lincoln, Roosevelt and Garfield high schools. They demanded various policies to hold teachers accountable for prejudice towards Mexican American students, better control of school paperwork, biases and organization within the administration, and improvements to mainly Mexican American schools. -
AIM
American Indian Movement founded in 1968 by Dennis Banks, Clyde Bellecourt, Eddie Banai, and George Mitchell. Goals were around the protection and support of Indian Americans pushed out of reservations by the government. AIM took part in many marches and protests for their cause, including the march on Washington D.C (to protest violation of treaties) wounded knee and occupation of alcatraz. At the march on Washington D.C they gave a set claims to the president for the protection of their rights -
Chicano “blowouts” Pt 2
While those involved with these protests were charged for disturbing the school and the protests died down, many became influential figures in the Brown Berets or film producers able to spread their ideas across the country. -
The Stonewall "riots"
During this time, the LGBTQ community faced a legal system against them. As such, only a few establishments (mostly bars) supported their rights. Police would regularly raid these bars, and one of these bars happened to be the Stonewall Inn, which held a variety of LGBTQ patrons. In response to this raid, residents of the town began to riot and continued to do so for 4 days. -
The Stonewall "riots" Pt 2
The results of this riot was more awareness of the problem and the formation of the Gay Liberation Front, the Gay Activists Alliance and the start of Gay Pride marches. -
Occupation of Alcatraz
November 20, 1969 to june 11, 1971 Native Americans held the island as indian land. The take over ended when they were forcibly removed by the federal government. American Indians desired the land to use as an Indian Cultural center and school. The population grew to 600 on the island and with that a council, kitchen, nursery and other establishments were put together. This land specifically was never given to the Indian American Population. -
La Raza Unida Pt 2
They gained some support in Texas, but in the election for governor in 1972, they failed to gain enough votes and lost most of their momentum after that. -
La Raza Unida
Translated to the National United People’s Party, this group was a Mexican American nationalist organization. It’s prominence was mainly in Texas and South California and was formed by members of MAYO, the Mexican American Youth Organization in Texas. This group ran campaigns across Texas, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and California to gain support from the Chicano popularity. -
Phyllis schlafly and defeat of the ERA
The stop-ERA campaign was put together in 1972. Phyllis Schlafly along with many others believed the ERA would bring out some bad possibilities such as the drafting of women, the end of laws protecting homemakers, the end of husband’s responsibility to provide for the home, and same-sex marriages.Schlafly believed feminists hate men and were oppressed. -
Trail of Broken Treaties
The Trail of Broken Treaties was a cross country protest done in the fall of 1972 . The protest initiated by AIM and others ended in Washington D.C where the Bureau of Indian Affairs was occupied by protestors to bring awareness to their plight. This event was put together by 8 different organizations total and brought the largest gathering of American Indians ever. They never achieved their main goal but made treaty deals with the federal government. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment was passed March 22nd, 1972. The ERA promised men and Women the same rights. Hawaii was the first to ratify what would have been the 27th amendment followed by 30 other states. It never got three-fourths of the states as people became afraid and a backlash against feminism started. -
Roe V Wade
NOW and other feminist groups believed in the choice of abortion. The Supreme court in Roe V Wade ruled that is women’s right to abortion during the first three months of pregnancy in the year of 1973. This idea still divides America today. Jane roe ( a fictional name to protect privacy)believed that any way to terminate pregnancy is her right and that it should be kept private to her and that no part of the state should have access to those details. -
Siege at Wounded Knee
February 27, 1973 200 American Indian Movement leaders occupied South Dakota’s Wounded Knee reservation. Wounded knee was a place where at one point 300 sioux were killed by the U.S seventh cavalry. Fire was passed between the AIM members occupying the space and federal marshals who had surrounded the area. During the 71 days 2 sioux men were shot and killed, May 8 they surrendered under promises that their complaints would be looked into. -
Murder of Harvey Milk
The San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and the San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk were both shot by the previous supervisor Dan White. Milk was shot by White in his office, and soon found by Dianne Feinstein. The reason this is important with regards to LGBTQ rights was that White was strongly against any gay rights votes and Milk was homosexual. This caught the attention of protestors and a candlelight march was held soon after. -
Murder of Harvey Milk Pt 2
In addition, as the jury believed part of White’s motivation was homophobia in his trial, it sparked the White Night riots and White was thought of as one of the most hated people in San Francisco. -
Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
Put in to place to regulate the conduct of gaming on indian land in 1988. Was put into place to provide a basis for the operation of these establishments and to produce revenue for American Indian tribes as well as protection from organized crime. Its effectiveness is controversial on its own as this bill also grants the Department of Justice power to prosecute said establishment owners. Gambling is a very traditional part of many Indian cultures which brings to question some of the limitations. -
Murder of Matthew Shepard
Matthew Shepard was a gay student at the University of Wyoming who was beaten and tortured near Laramie, WY. He was found by rescuers but died 6 days later from head injuries. The two suspects Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson claimed to have the simple motivation of robbing Shepard and had attacked him when he tried to make a sexual advance towards McKinney. However, his girlfriend said that he was acting out of anti-gay sentiment. -
Murder of Matthew Shepard Pt 2
This event sparked more gay rights protests but also anti-gay protests specifically from the Westboro Baptist -
Repeal of Don’t ask Don’t Tell
Don’t ask, don't tell was a U.S. military policy that prevented military officers from discriminating or harassing closeted homosexuals or bisexuals in military service. However, this policy also prevented any openly gay individuals from joining the military. Barack Obama advocated for repealing this policy, and in 2010 the Don’t ask Don’t Tell Repeal Act was passed. Though many Republican senators filibustered to delay the bill, it was eventually passed with a majority. -
Repeal of Don’t ask Don’t Tell Pt 2
The impact of this repeal allowed current homosexual military officers to come out, and it allowed other LGBTQ people to openly join the military. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
This case was one of the most monumental moments for the LGBTQ push for equal rights. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that under the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause that all fifty states must recognize same sex marriages the same as opposite sex marriages. There has been some opposition, some claiming that people have a right to refuse to marry couples on religious grounds. -
Obergefell v. Hodges Pt 2
While some states had already approved same sex marriages, this case allowed all LGBTQ people to be protected under the law.
