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Brown V Board of Educational
—This was a Supreme Court case that outlawed segregated schools. —The decision for this case was 9-0 from the justices. —The decision for the case was good, but the outcome for the first five years were chaos. -
Emmet Till
—Emmet was a 14 year old boy from Chicago visiting family from the South.
—He was accused of whistling at a white woman.
—Roy Bryant and JW Milan kidnap, beat, shoot, kill, and thow Emmet’s body into a river.
—Maime Till, Emmet’s mother, held an open casket funeral for her son.
—The men that killed Emmet were both tried and found not guilty.
this event helped spark the Civil Rights movement -
Rosa Parks and the Bus Boycott
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Rosa Parks and The Bus Boycotts
—On December 1st, Rosa Parks refused to move from her seat and was arrested.
—On December 5th, the bus boycotts began, and it lasts for 381 days. Martin Luther King Jr. becomes the leader of the boycott. This is the first nonviolent, large scale demonstration in the United States. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
—It started after the bus boycott to organize protest.
—Martin Luther King Jr. was elected president of the group.
—They organized protest around the south to coordinate events, such as Greensboro sit ins, march on Washington and Selma.
—The organization declined after MLK’s assassination.
—It still exists today. -
Little Rock Nine
—Testing Brown v. Board of Education decision.
—Nine students were vetted to undergo this test.
—Airborne 101 escorted students to class.
—They closed all public schools the following year. (1958)
1959—schools reopen -
Greensboro, North Carolina
—Four college students sat at a lunch counter at Woolworths to be served. They were refused service. They continued to “sit in” and others joined. The protest spread to other towns. Woolsworth was forced to change. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Freedom Summer
—Youth group of students remained fiercely independent of MLK amd SCLC, generating their own projects and strategies.
—The two organizations worked side by side throughout the early years of the civil tights movement.
—This group was the second half of the Freedom riders and were a part of the March to Selma. -
Freedom Riders
—Students from CORE organize protests on buses and bus terminals.
—They would travel around the South to get JFK’s attention.
—They encountered violence when they got to Rock Hill, SC.
—Met by a mob of over 100
—Although there was violence, they kept going.
—It was to the point were the Kennedys did get involved.
—Segregation was deemed illegal on buses. -
March on Washington
—This march for Jobs and Freedom was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans.
—250,000 people attended at the Lincoln Memorial.
—MLK was the last to speak, and he gave his “I Have a Dream” speech.
—70-80% of the marchers were black.
*This event helped pass the Civil Acts of 1964. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
—can not be refused service
—Forbids employers and Labor unions to discriminate against any oerson on grants of race, color, religion, sex, physical disability, or age in job related matters.
—prohibits discrimination against race, color, religion, national origin, sex, or physical disability. -
March on Selma/Bloody Sunday
—600 students march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama to get the right to vote.
—They walked 54 miles and were seen stopped on the bridge on national television.
—LBJ ordered the passage of 1965 voting rights law.
—A second march took place on March 21-24 with thousands marching. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
(One of the most comprehensive pieces of legislation in United States history)
—Blacks were registered to vote and being elected to public office.