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Jim Crow Laws
Who: State Legislature established the Jim Crow Laws against Black individuals What: A collection of state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation Where: In the Southern United States When: Late 19th Century - Early 20th Century Why: They were created to marginalize Black people and keep them separate from white people (enforced segregation) -
Rosa Parks
Who: Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old Black Woman What: Parks found a seat in the "Black" section of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, and when a white passenger asked her to give up her seat for him, Parks refused and was arrested. Where: Montgomery, Alabama When: December 1, 1955 Why: Rosa Parks' courage incited the boycott of the Montgomery bus system, which lasted 381 days, and ended with the Supreme Court ruling that segregated seating was unconstitutional -
Little Rock Nine
Who: Nine black students, M. Brown, T. Roberts, E. Eckford, E. Green, T. Mothershed, M. Patillo, G. Ray, J. Thomas, & C. Walls What: Central High School, a former all-white school, asked these Black students to begin classes at their school to begin to desegregate it Where: Little Rock, Arkansas When: September 4th, 1957 Why: President Eisenhower intervened and ordered federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine, yet the students faced continual harassment and prejudice -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Who: President Eisenhower signed the Civil RIghts Act of 1957 What: allowed the federal prosecution of anyone who tried to prevent someone from voting Where: The United States of America When: September 9, 1957 Why: Allowed black individuals and other individuals of color to vote freely, and created a commission to investigate voter fraud -
Woolworth's Lunch Counter
Who: four college students What: 4 college students took a stand against segregation when they refused to leave a Woolworth's lunch counter without being served Where: Greensboro, North Caroline When: February 1, 1960 Why: Their efforts began a series of sit-ins and demonstrations in dozens of cities and helped launch the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee