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Period: to
Civil Rights Movement
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Truman's integration of the armed forces
Truman declared that all brances of the military must be open to everyone and not based on race. Military bases and camps now also became integrated. The order said, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."
Image taken from:http://lapataizquierdadecthulhu.blogspot.com/2010/06/sobre-karma-deudas-cosmicas-y-otras.html -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
This case's ruling overturned the "seperate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. Thrugood Marshall and the Supreme Court declared "seperate but equal" facilities unconstitutional and therefore segregation should end in all schools.
Image taken from:http://www.tomdegan.blogspot.com/2010/06/thurgood-marshall-law.html -
Rosa Parks Takes a Seat
Rosa Parks refuses to move to the black section of the bus and is therefore arrested for breaking the segregation law in Montgomery, Alabama. Because of this event, bus boycotts began and a young Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as a great leader.
Imagae taken from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosaparks_bus.jpg -
Little Rock Nine
In a direct protests of Brown v. BOE, Orval Faubus, the governer of Arkansas, would not let nine black students into Little Rock Central High School. Eisenhower send in federal troops to escort the kids to class.
Image taken from:http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2010/09/07/jefferson_thomas_67_member_of_little_rock_nine/ -
MLK Jr. creates SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference unified churches to support the Civil Rights Movement. -
Two Students Sit-In
Two students in Greensboro, North Carolina, sit-in because they are denied service in a Woolworth's. -
Students form SNCC
More students create the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to organize sit-ins and other forms of non-violent protest. This is an effect of the sit-in by the two students in Greensboro, North Carolina. -
Freedom Riders
Groups of African Americans travel on Greyhound buses to test new laws that ended segregation on buses and railroads. Violence occurs in Anniston, Alabama. Robert Kennedy actively supports civil rights after his representative is beaten in a riot agaisnt Freedom Riders.
Image taken from:http://thegrio.com/2010/12/21/freedom-riders-film-covers-fight-to-end-segregation/ -
James Meredith and Ole Miss
James Meredith is accepted to Ole Miss, but violence ensued when he tried to register. President Kennedy sent in federal troops and marshals so he could attend class.
Image taken from:http://bluetruckredstate.blogspot.com/2012/10/james-meredith-still-at-war-50-years-on.html -
"Letter From a Birmingham Jail"
After being jailed for an illegal march in Birmingham, Alabama, MLK Jr. wrote a moving essay on civil rights. "One day the South will know that when these disinherited children of God sat down at lunch counters, they were in reality standing up for what is best in the American dream..." This unjust jailing of King gained the support of many. -
Birmingham Protests
Civil rights demonstraters are hosed down by high pressure hoses and attacked by dogs at the hand of the local police. This violence causes Kennedy to actively support the Civil Rights Movement. King warned befor the protests, "Some of the people sitting here will not come back alive from this campaign." -
March on Washington
This large scale march included around 200,000 blacks and whites marching for civil rights in Washington D.C. This is when MLK Jr. delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" which is often associated with the Civil Rights Movement. King said, "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'"
Image taken from:http://bolstablog.wordpress.com/2011/01/31/behind-dream/ -
Twenty-Fourth Amendment
This amendment ended the poll tax which prevented some blacks from voting. -
1964 Civil Rights Act
Congress passed this legislation in 1964 under LBJ. This act integrated all public facilities, created the Equal Employment Opportunity Comission, and gave government more power to integrate schools. -
The Assassination of Malcom X
A criminal turned major leader, Malcom X created the Organization of Afro-American Unity. He was killed by black enemies in 1965. He often spoke out agaisnt MLK Jr.'s views and promoted violence to gain civil rights. -
March from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama
Violence met the voting rights marchers on their way to Montgomery. President Johnson sent in troops to protect the protesters.This "Bloody Sunday" influenced the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 later that year.
Image taken from:http://fineartamerica.com/featured/selma-to-montgomery-march-completed-everett.html -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act abolished literacy tests and installed registrars in places where blacks could not vote. This helped blacks actually get registered and vote in places like the South. This act was an effect of the violence in the voting rights marches in Alabama. -
Executive Order 11246
President Johnson issues this order to "take affirmative action." He believed that more action must be taken to decrease discrimination than just laws.
Image taken from:http://picsbox.biz/key/american%20presidents%20wiki -
Black Power
Stokely Carmichael, leader of the SNCC, coins the phrase "Black Power". This stressed black nationalism and appealed to many young blacks. This changed the peaceful SNCC into a more violent organization. -
Black Panther Party
Heuy Newton and Bobby Seale establish the Black Panthers which promote violence and black separatism.
Image taken from:http://www.officialpsds.com/BLACK-PANTHER-PARTY-PSD23429.html -
The Assassination of MLK Jr.
James Earl Ray shoots King while King is standing on his hotel balcony in Memphis, Tennessee. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
This act ends racial discrimination and segregation in the buying, renting, or financing of houses. -
Real Integration in Schools
In Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, the ruling finally gave a backbone to the integration of schools. The ruling installed busing plans in towns and cities. In the 1970s, schools in the South finally become integrated. -
Sources
-Brunner, Borgna, and Elissa Haney. "Civil Rights Timeline." Infoplease. Infoplease, 2007. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
-Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas Andrew Bailey.
-"Martin Luther King I Have a Dream Speech - American Rhetoric." Martin Luther King I Have a Dream Speech - American Rhetoric. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014.
- Newman, John J., and John M. Schmalbach. United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination. New York, NY: Amsco School Publications, 1998. Print.
