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Civil Rights
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Plessy v. Ferguson
This court case was in regards to segregation issued by Jim Crow laws. The ruling was 7-1 that separate facilities for each race was not a violation of the 13th amendment and did not set up future possibility of involuntary servitude. "Separate but equal" was the term coined to describe the separation of public facilities. -
NAACP
The NAACP was formed as a result of racial discrimination. This organization was the first group to promote equality post Civil War. They lobbied for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. At first their goal was to call for anti-lynching laws. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
This was the court case that overturned the previous "Separate but Equal" ruling of the Plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896. Thurgood Marshall and Oliver Hill argued the case in front of the Supreme Court stating that separation in educational facilities was not fair to any student. Chief Justice Earl Warren ruled that separation in education was inherently unequal and overturned the Plessy doctrine. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was an African-American woman that refused to give up her seat to a white man in a bus and was arrested and fined on 1 December, 1955. Four days later, blacks bega to boycott Montgomery buses. No African-Americans rode the buses in Montgomery for 381 days. Martin Luther King Jr. pushed for the movement to continue until the city complied. On June 5, 1956, the court ruled that the segregation on buses violated the 14th amendment and the buses were integrated. -
Massive Resistance
Harry F. Byrd Sr. was a senator that greatly influenced legislation in Virginia. He issued national resistance as a measure to prevent integration of school. -
SCLC
The goal of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was to provide nonviolent actions to desegregate public facilities. Dr. King was it's first president. -
Little Rock Nine
Nine black students were admitted into an all-white school in Little Rock, Alabama. The Governor issued the National Guard to prevent the students from entering the school. Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort them in school. They were integrated full-time later that month. -
Woolworth's Sit In
Four college students sat at a diner where they only served whites. After being refused service, they refused to give up their seats. By February 5th, over 300 students joined in the sit-in at Woolworth. The sit-in was successful and dining facilities across the south were integrated by that summer. -
SNCC
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement. Much of their committee was dedicated to voting rights. -
March on Washington
More than 200,000 Americans participated in a political rally that was designed to create politcal and social change in regards to the treatment of African Americans. This was where Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech that became a push for change. -
"I Have a Dream" Speech
At the March on Washington, MLK delivered a speech saying that he dreamed of an America where people will no longer be judged based on their colored. His speech was a push for political and economic equality. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act ended segregation in public facilities on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It was first proposed by Kennedy and was signed into law by his predecessor, Johnson. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act eliminated literacy tests, poll taxes, and any other measures that were implemented to prevent African-Americans from voting. This was protected under their rights in the 15th amendment and was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
