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Period: 1 CE to 2 BCE
Key
Achievement- Barbara Jordan's Address, Hank Aaron's Home Run record
Protest- Freedom Riders, Montgomery Bus Boycott
Supreme Court Cases- Cooper v. Aaron, California v. Bakke
Violence by Protestors- March from Selma to Montgomery, Albany Movement
Violence by Opposition- Emmett Till's Death, Assasination of Megar Evers
No Violence- Shirley Chisolm's Presidential Campaign, Civil Rights Act of 1957 -
Period: to
1950's
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Emmett Till's Death
Emmett Till was a 14-year-old black boy who whistled towards a white woman in a convience store and two white men kidnapped and brutally beat him to death for the whistle. This event helped spark the civil rights movement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This was a political protest campaign that protested against the segregation in the public transit system. This was started when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to white people based on segregation. -
Little Rock Nine Crisis
In 1957, a high school had it's entrance blocked against children of color by the orders of the governor of Arkansas. Later that month, the president sent the national guard to escort black children into the school. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
The Civil Rights Act provided African-Americans with access to all areas of public life. It also brought a end to the Jim Crow laws and allowed minorities to break the workforce barriers. -
Cooper v. Aaron
This court case states that states must obey the decisions of the Supreme Court and they must follow them. This restricted the state of Arkansas from being able to challenge Brown v. Board of Education. -
Period: to
1960's
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Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were activists who rode interstate buses into the South where segregation laws were in act. They challenged segregation and they called upon the federal government to assist them. -
Albany Movement
A coalition of African-American protestors in Albany, Georgia protested on voting and segregation. It was started by local black leaders and ministers. -
Assassination of Medgar Evers
A black civil rights leader was killed outside of his home by a sniper and he was left bleeding on his driveway when his wife found him. This event motivated civil rights activists all across the country to continue to push forward in their causes. -
Mississippi Freedom Summer
The Freedom Summer project resulted in various meetings, protests, freedom schools and housing, and a rise of awareness of voting rights. This increased voter registration among African-Americans in Mississippi. -
March from Selma to Montgomery
This was a March that was used to protest against segregation. They also protested for their constitutional rights to vote even when the segregational system was against it. -
Period: to
1970's
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Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools
This court case was fought over integration of black children in public schools. This case also went against segregation on school buses and in schools. -
Shirley Chisolm's Presidential Campaign
Shirley Chisolm was the first African-American to run for a major party's nomination for presidency. She ran for the Democratic party and she was running to represent women and black people but also represent America. -
Barbara Jordan's Address at the Democratic National Convention
In 1976, Barbara Jordan became the first African-American and woman to deliver an address at a Democratic National Convention. She delivered a powerful speech during the hearings of the impeachment process for Richard Nixon. -
Hank Aaron's Home Run Record
Hank Aaron hit a total of 755 home runs from 1954-1976 and this elected him into the hall of Fame in 1982. He broke Babe Ruth's home run record while also having to persevere through racial hate. -
University of California Regents v. Bakke
California v. Bakke was a court case that was a dispute over whether race could be a factor in admission for a university. The court ruled that 16 out of 100 seats in California universities would be set aside for minorities.