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"Declaration of Independence" by Thomas Jefferson
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"What to The Slave, Is the 4th of July" by Fredrick Douglass
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Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address
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W.E.B Du Bois- Co-founded NAACP
W.E.B Du Bois (sociologist, socialist, & historian) Co-founded the NAACP (a civil rights organization) with Ida B. Well, Mary White Ovington, and Moorfield Storey. Du Bois also became the editor of the organization's magazine, The Crisis. This magazine allowed him to call out on the hypocrisy and discrimination of the US, reaching thousands of readers. -
The Establishment of The Federal Housing Administration
The housing shortage led the government to build housing designed for the stock and to segregate. These programs started in 1933 under the New Deal (organized by Franklin D. Roosevelt, caused by the Great Depression). The Federal Housing Administration pushed segregation by refusing to insure mortgages in and near African-American neighborhoods. -
Zoot Suit Riots
Riots lasted for 5 days, Black, Asian, and Latin men and women were targeted for wearing suits that were baggy and loose. The attackers were white soldiers/sailors and civilians and were undoubtedly patriotic to the war effort. They deemed these suits as a waste of rationed cloth. -
Letter to My Nephew
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Malcolm X- Organization of Afro-American Unity
The foundation of the OAAU is inspired by the Organization of African Unity. The purpose of this association was to fight for the human rights of African Americans to benefit Africans and people of African descent in the Americas. The OAAU would also establish programs for addicts, single mothers, and troubled youth. -
Huey P. Newton- The Founding Of The Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense was a strong unionization of black leaders and members who wanted the benefits white Americans received on a daily basis. They impacted minority communities, creating programs to feed families, educate the youth, and give free health care. The Black Panthers’ Free Breakfast for School Children Program contributed to today’s federal free breakfast programs. -
East L.A Walkouts/ Chicano Blowouts
Their demands and goals were to have a bicultural education, more Latino teachers/administration, smaller class sizes, and correct textbooks to contain Mexican-American history. Schools and teachers created a hostile environment, especially for Latin youth, often underestimating them and having poor facilities. The United Mexican-American Students and the Brown Berets expressed 36 demands to the Board of Education. The walk-outs created more unity and power for the Chicano Movement. -
The Fair Housing Act
President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, prohibiting racial discrimination concerning sale, rental, and housing based on race, religion, nationality, sex, etc. The act was considered by Congress for a long period of time, however, the death of Martin Luther King Jr. was urged for Congressional approval Johnson. At the same time, the Vietnam War was affecting the homefront devastatingly, making it difficult to purchase housing, the Fair Housing Act was a remedy for this crisis. -
Afeni Shakur- Panther 21
Shakur was a notorious former Black Panther Party member. She was a leader of the Black Panther Harlem and Bronx chapters and a writer for the party newsletter. Afeni Shakur and other members were arrested and indicted on conspiracy to bomb a train. They were known as the "Panther 21"; she chose to represent herself in court and successfully won. -
Gloria Steinem- Testimony Before the Senate Hearings on the Equal Rights Amendment
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Marin County Civic Center Attack
The Marin County Civic Center attacks were two related attacks at the Marin County Civic Center courtroom in San Rafael, California. The attacks were tied to escalating racial tensions in the state's criminal justice system. A group associated with the Soledad Brothers organized an armed assault on the Marin County courthouse to demand George Jackson's immediate release; the attacks resulted in four deaths. -
Cesar Chavez- California's Common Wealth Address
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Angela Davis- Critical Resistance
Angela Davis is a Marxist, feminist, author, philosopher, author, professor, etc.
After Angela Davis’ wrongful imprisonment, her perspective of the American prison system changed drastically. This urged Davis to co-found the Critical Resistane. Its purpose is to challenge the ideas of imprisonment and the linking solution to social, political, and economic problems. Its goal is to abolish the industrial prison complex. -
Salma Hayek- Harvey W. Is My Monster Too
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Ta-Nehisi Coates- Between The World & Me
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America Ferrera- Barbie Speech
