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Brown v. Board of Education
In Topeka, Kansas schools were segregated by race. A young girl by the name of Linda and her sister had to walk through dangerous railroads to get to their all-black elementary school. There was a school closer to the Browns but it was all white school. The Browns believed that this was violating the 14th Amendment and took them to court. The Federal district said segregation was harmful to black. In the end the court decided that the law "separate but equal" was against the 14th Amendment. -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, at the age of 42 being an African American in the town of Montgomery, Alabama went onto a segregated bus and sat in the front, which was meant for whites only, and when was asked to move did not. She was then arrested which sparked a 13-month Mongomery Bus Boycott and this was an huge early victory for the Civil Rights movement. Just 3 years before this it was declared that segregation on interstate buses was unconstitutional just many southern states rebelled. -
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Southern Manifesto urges resistance to desegregation efforts
Over 100 southern members of Congress sign document attacking the Supreme Court decision, that was called the Southern Manifesto. This was a decision that condemned the Supreme Court's decision in 1954.The resolution called the decision "a clear abuse of judicial power" and this encouraged the states to resist implementing its mandates. It was said that this urged southerners to exhaust all "lawful means" to resist the "chaos and confusion" that would result from school desegregation. -
Little Rock Central High School desegregated
During the Civil Rights Movement nine black students had been enrolled in an all-white Central High School in the Little Rock, Arkansas. This had been a testing for the landmark that the Supreme Court had made for public schools to be unsegregated. It was a mandate rule that all public schools in the country had to allow blacks and whites to go to the same school. Some schools either said no or decided to close their schools because they didn't believe in it. -
Freedom riders oppose segregation
On May 4th seven blacks and six whites decided to leave Washington, D.C on two public buses that were then on route to the Deep South. This was to test the Supreme Court;s ruling in a case that had to dealing with segregation in the interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional. In the first few days their had only been minor hostility but after the first week the riders had been severely beaten by many people. -
“Letter from Birmingham jail”
Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested for his speech and attending the protesting in Birmington, Alabama. A letter was sent to him from eight white men from a local newspaper him and his fellows that protested with him. Martin Luther King Jr. decided he was going to write back to the editor to tell him what was on his mind, what he thought the editor should know. In this letter King explains everything that has been happening in the protest in Birmingham in the past months. -
Medgar Evers murdered
Medgar Evers was murdered in the driveway outside of his house on June 12, 1963. He was a civil rights leader in Jackson, Mississippi that was burned by a white supremacist by the name of Byron De La Beckwith. Evers joined the NAACP in 1952 after he participated in the U.S Army Normandy invasion. He was also a field worker for the NAACP, he traveled through Alabama encouraging poor African Americans to register to vote and promote people into the civil rights movement. -
Desegregation drive in Birmingham
In Birmingham, Alabama in the spring of 1963 one of the most important campaigns happened which was known as Project C, but mostly known as The Birmingham Campaign. This had began by numerous counter sit-ins, marches on City Hall and boycotting merchants to protest segregation laws in the city. These peaceful demonstrations would be met with very violent attacks that would use high-pressure fire hoses and police dogs on the many men, women, and children that were protecting peacefully. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington happened on August 28, 1963; this march was an interracial march that had 250,000 black and white protesting for the job discrimination against the black to stop in the nation. This march began at Washington Monument and went all the way to the Lincoln Memorial. This march also goes by another name of the March for Freedom and Jobs. At this march Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I Have A Dream" speech. -
Bombing of Birmingham church
On September 15, a tragic day for the lives of the four young girls lives that were taken and the many that had been injured. On this day a church in Birmingham, Alabama, a church with a predominantly black congregation on people that also served as a meeting place for Civil Rights leaders; a bomb went off and changed the lives of many. This made many people outrage over this incident and there was now violent clash between the police and protesters that helped draw attention to what happened.
