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Civil Rights Movement
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Brown vs. Boad of Education
Oliver "Sky Captian" Brown won over the supreme court in a case to desegregate schools. This overrided the "Plessy v. Fergusson" desicion that made schools segregated. The overall Idea that Segregated schools are inherently unequal won an unanimous vote with the supreme court.This Event was important for African-Americans gaining civil Rights Because it was a step forward in giving them the rights others had. -
Emmett Till
At fourteen Years of age, Emmet till was visiting Relatives in Money, Mississippi when He was accused of flirting with a white cashier. Four White men tookl him, Beat him, and then shot him in the head. Because the Jury was all white, the four men got away free. This was important to African Americans gaining civil rights because it awoke anger and a desire to fix this problem. -
Rosa Parks and the Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was called "The first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the Freedom Movement" by Congress. She has a unique and famous story. As she was going home one night on the back of the bus, the bus driver told her to stand so a white man could sit down. She refused. This resulted in a massive Boycott of the Transit System. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
With the goal of redeeming ‘‘the soul of America’’ through nonviolent resistance, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was established in 1957, to coordinate the action of local protest groups throughout the South. The first President of the organization was Martin Luther King Jr. This Was important for African-Americans gaining civil rights because it gave Organization. -
Little Rock, Arkansas - Central High School Integration
On the first day of School for Little Rock Central High, A white Mob gathered to protest against the nine black students going. This mob included the govenor of the state. The govenor sent the police force to stop them. As a result, Federal Government sent in Federal Troops to stop the police and mob, to allow the Black students, called the Little Rock Nine, to go to school. Eight of the nine Graduated in the end. -
Greensboro, North Carolina Woolworth's sit-in
On February 1, 1960, four African American college students sat down at a lunch counter at Woolworth’s in Greensboro, North Carolina, and politely asked for service. Their request was refused. When asked to leave, they remained in their seats. Their passive resistance and peaceful sit-down demand helped ignite a movement to challenge racial inequality throughout the South from the young. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional. The Southern states had ignored the rulings and the federal government did nothing to enforce them. -
James Meredith, University of Mississippi
James Meredith was the first black to go to the University of Mississippi.He joined the military after high school and attended an all-black college beforehand. After he graduated, he earned a law degree and became involved in the politics of the time. -
Birmingham, Alabama Protests- "Fire Hoses" -televised
"Newspaper Clipping"
BIRMINGHAM, Ala., May 3 -- Fire hoses and police dogs were used here today to disperse Negro students protesting racial segregation. Three students were reported to have been bitten and to have required hospital treatment. Two firemen and a news photographer were injured by bricks and broken bottles thrown from the top of a Negro office building near the major encounter, at 17th Street and Fifth Avenue North. -
"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
Martin Luther King Smuggles a note out of Birmingham Jail, on a roll of toilet paper, asking for peace in response to a recent protest. It shows his true values: he doesn't want revenge on the white menLike so many others, He wants Love and Compassion. Link to Text Here:
http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html -
"March on Washington"
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans. It took place in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr., standing in front of the Lincoln Memorial, delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech advocating racial harmony that day. -
24th amendment to the Constitution
The Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. This Means that Black Americans gained the right to vote. -
Civil Rights Act 1964
This act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 2, 1964, prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. This document was the most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. -
Malcom X shot
Malcolm X, the 39-year-old leader of a militant black nationalist movement, was shot to death yesterday afternoon at a rally of his followers in a ballroom in Washington Heights.
Shortly before midnight, a 22-year-old Negro, Thomas Hagan, was charged with the killing. The police rescued him from the ballroom crowd after he had been shot and beaten. Malcolm, a bearded extremist, had said only a few words of greeting when a fusillade rang out. The bullets knocked him over backward. -
Voting Rights Act
"Congress had found that case-by-case litigation was inadequate to combat wide-spread and persistent discrimination in voting, because of the inordinate amount of time and energy required to overcome the obstructionist tactics invariably encountered in these lawsuits. After enduring nearly a century of systematic resistance to the Fifteenth Amendment, Congress might well decide to shift the advantage of time and inertia from the perpetrators of the evil to its victims."
-Supreme Court -
Watts Riots
A Los Angeles police officer pulled over motorist Marquette Frye (who was with his brother Ronald); he suspected Marquette of driving drunk. While officers questioned them, a crowd of onlookers had begun to form. When Rena Frye, the boys mother showed up, a struggle ensued which led to the arrest of all 3 members of the Frye family. More officers had arrived on the scene and had hit the brothers with their batons. The crowd had grown and by this point had become angry. A Riot ensued. -
Formation of the Black Panthers
In October of 1966, in Oakland California, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. The Panthers practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S. government, and fought to establish revolutionary socialism through mass organizing and community based programs. The party was one of the first organizations in U.S. history to militantly struggle for ethnic minority and working class emancipation. -
Stokely Carmichael-"Black Power"- Seattle
Stokely Carmichael (born 1941) was a "militant" civil rights activist and stood at the forefront of the "Black Power" movement. He soared to fame by popularizing the phrase "Black Power" and was one of the most powerful and influential leaders in the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, also called the SNVCC. -
Martin Luther King Assassination
Martin Luther King, Jr. was killed by a single shot which struck his face and neck. He was standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, where he had come to lead a peaceful march in support of striking sanitation workers. About an hour later, he was pronounced dead at 7:05 PM at St. Joseph Hospital. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 was designed to reduce discrimination in the purchasing, renting, and leasing of housing by members of ethnic and racial minorities. -
Voting Rights march "Bloody Sunday"
Sunday Bloody Sunday-U2Activists were marching in a peaceful protest. Policemen came at them with clubs, bullwhips, and tear gas. Many people were injured severely. It was named Bloody Sunday for its Nature.
