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White Primary Abolished in GA
The White Primary was put in place to restrict the voting rights of African Americans. It took away their right to vote only in the primaries, but at this time the primaries ultimately decided who won, due to there truly only being one main party. This was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court after the King v. Chapman case. http://tw0.us/RH - Info
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Integration of Armed Forces
On July 26, 1948 President Truman signed the order to integrate the Armed Forces. He does this so America will have a stronger Military. More soldiers equals more power. http://tw0.us/Rv- Info
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Brown vs Board of Education
The Brown vs Board of Education case was when Oliver L. Brown took up the issue of segregation in schools to court. He claimed that making students go to different schools based on color was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court ruled an unanimous decision in Brown’s favor. This ruling basically started the revolution that is the Civil Rights Movement. http://tw0.us/TZ- Info
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Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus. This caused so much trouble that she was arrested. Following this many people banded together and boycotted the entire Montgomery Bus System. This boycott eventually ended in the desegregation of public buses. http://tw0.us/SC- Both -
Change in State Flag
On July 1, 1956, a new GA flag was effective. They wanted a new flag that would incorporate the Confederate flag. This caused a lot of problems and many refused to even fly the flag and flew the previous one instead. http://tw0.us/Tb- Both -
Little Rock Nine and Central High School Crisis
On September 1, 1957, nine black students were put into Little Rock Central High School. They were nicknamed the Little Rock Nine. On their first arrival, there were riots and attacks, so much so that they had to call in the Arkansas National Guard to form a barrier. This didn’t work so the next time the sent them in with armed escorts. http://tw0.us/S5- Both -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL Bombed
On the twelfth of October, 1958, a Hebrew Temple, The Hebrew Benevolent Congregation, was bombed. They were bombed because their Rabbi was a Civil Rights Activist and was a good friend of Martin Luther King Jr. No one was hurt or killed. http://tw0.us/Te- Both -
Sibley Commission
The Commission was put in place to figure out what the problem people had with school integration. It was established by John Sibley, and it discovered many things about integration. The results showed that people thought it would be like a crime to integrate schools. Some went as far as saying that they would rather a school shut down that have it be integrated. It had it so schools could choose if they wanted to integrate or not. http://tw0.us/Ui- Info
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Integration of UGA
Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes were the first two black students at UGA. The court ruled that the two students be immediately admitted to the school. GA politicians wanted then to close the school rather than let them in. Nevertheless in the following days more students were enrolled, including two teens named Hamlton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter. http://tw0.us/Ut
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Freedom Rides
The first freedom rides were to challenge the ruling in Boynton v. Virginia. This stated that it was unconstitutional to have segregation in interstate busses and rail roads. At the start there wasn’t much resistance, but in the second week some riders were beaten harshly. The whole Freedom Rides spread quickly and were soon so overwhelming that the Interstate Commerce Commission made rules that took away segregation in all public transportation. http://tw0.us/Tj- Both -
Albany Movement
On November 17, 1961, in Albany, GA people in the NAACP and the SNCC sat in the “whites only,” section of the bus to test the Supreme Court ruling, which stated that segregation on public busses and train stations illegal. They were arrested and so started the Albany Movement. For months freedom riders came from all around. Many were imprisoned. The whole movement was kept well contained from publicity by an exceedingly smart sheriff. http://tw0.us/Uy- Both -
Birmingham, Alabama Protests
In Birmingham, Alabama the SCLC and the ACMHR joined forces to pressure the segregation of the city by boycotting the merchants. They did so at the 2nd largest sales time of the year, Easter. They also had sit-ins, large gatherings, and marches on the City Hall. Hundreds of protestors were arrested.
Attack dogs and even fire hoses were used agaaints the protesters making national news. http://tw0.us/Ur- Info
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March on Washington DC
On August 28, 1963, around 250,000 people showed up at Washington DC to protest for jobs and freedom. The heavy police involvement was not necessary due to the peacefulness of the protest. During this march Martian Luther King Jr. delivered his famous, “I Have a Dream,” speech. This march got international coverage on TV. It was a huge success and got many people to change their perspective on segregation. http://tw0.us/V0- Both -
Baptist Church is Bombed
On a Sunday during September at a Baptist Church frequently used as a meeting place for the Civil Rights Movement, so a bomb was set off killing four innocent little girls. Robert Chambliss was the man who set the bomb under the stairway of the church. The KKK was found responsible for the horrific event. In 2000, three of the four people responsible were tried and convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison. http://tw0.us/V1- Both -
John F. Kennedy Assassination
At 12:30 p.m. on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was shot while riding in the presidential limousine. The gunman fired four shots with a sniper rifle fatally wounding the President and injuring Governor Connally and James Tague. It is believed that the assassination was part of a conspiracy theory. http://tw0.us/V2- Both -
Civil Rights Act 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, signed by Lyndon B. Johnson, was a big turning point in the Civil Rights Movement. It outlawed forms of discrimination in many forms. One major one of these is racial segregation. It made all votes count as equal, and it ended racial segregation in public places like school and at work. It also guaranteed the equal protections of the 14th amendment. http://tw0.us/V3- Both -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, signed also by Lyndon B Johnson, it made discrimination of voting practices illegal. This law enforced the 15th Amendment. For it was being poorly controlled. This was brought up by the Judiciary Branch, and was signed by both others. http://tw0.us/V4- Both -
Summerhill Race Riot
The Summerhill Race Riot took place in Atlanta after a supposed car thief shot a white policeman. Many blacks rioted in the streets. Stokely Carmichael is the person who is responsible for this whole riot. There were 138 people that got arrested. http://tw0.us/V5- Info
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MLK Assassination
On 6:01p.m. in Memphis, TN, Martian Luther King Jr. was shot. He was a great man and he was responsible for many non- violent protests. He also delivered an exceedingly inspirational “I Have a Dream Speech.” http://tw0.us/V7- Info
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All GA Schools Intergrated
Even with the public so opposed to integrating schools, by 1971 all Georgia schools were integrated. This made GA the first state to have a fully integrated school system. When the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, the Federal Government decided not to fund any schools that weren’t desegregated. SS textbook Page 439 and 440- Both
