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14th Amendment
Being able to be protected by the law -
13th Amendment
To the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude -
Sharecropping & Tenant Farming
Southern plantation owners were challenged to find help working the lands that slaves had farmed. Taking advantage of the former slaves' desire to own their own farms plantation owners used arrangements called sharecropping and tenant farming. -
Black Codes
These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans freedom and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt -
Black Codes
These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt -
15th Amendment
to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race or color -
Lynching
An extrajudicial punishment by an informal group -
Plessy V. Ferguson
law case of the US Supreme Court that upheld state racial segregation laws for public places -
Civil Disobedience
The refusal to obey certain laws or governmental demands for the purpose of influencing legislation or government policy, characterized by the employment of such nonviolent techniques as boycotting, picketing, and nonpayment of taxes. -
CORE
The Congress of Racial Equality s an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement -
Hector P. Garcia
He founded the American GI Forum, organizing veterans to fight for educational and medical benefits, and later, against poll taxes and school segregation. A proud member of the Greatest Generation, García sought the inclusion of Mexican Americans into mainstream America. -
Jim Crow Laws
When southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against blacks to basically not do whatever they want -
Non-violent Protest
use of protest was nonviolent, or peaceful. During the 1950s and 1960s the nonviolent protesting of the Civil Rights Movement caused definite tension which gained national attention. -
Jim Crow Laws
During this time whites believed that blacks had no rights -
Brown V. Board of Education
A landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional -
Thurgood Marshall
He was a civil activist and a lawyer for NAACP and also the first black supreme court justice -
Emmett Till
Accused of whistling at a white woman. Till was brutally beaten and shot in the head and his death became a galvanizing event in the Civil Rights Movement -
Rosa Parks
Arrested on December 1st because she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man -
Martin Luther King Jr.
A Civil Rights activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement with the montgomery bus boycott -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public bus because Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white man -
Orval Faubus
Supported segregation and he sent Arkansas national guard to block black students from attending school -
SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization -
Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School when blacks could not go to the same school as whites -
Desegregation
This was long a focus of the Civil Rights Movement, both before and after the United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Primarily a voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875 -
George Wallace
Candidate for president of the United States who became known as the embodiment of resistance to the civil rights movement of the 1960s -
Non-violent Protest
At the time protest were violent but then the blacks and whites slowly came together with non-violent protest -
Sit-ins
Direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change -
Black Panthers
A militant Black Power organization founded in the 1960s -
Affirmative Action
an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education -
Freedom Riders
Civil rights activist including both blacks and whites rode buses into the South in the early 1960s in order to challenge racial segregation -
Ole Miss Integration
Riots erupted on the campus of the University of Mississippi in Oxford where locals, students, and committed segregationists had gathered to protest -
Betty Friedan
A activist most prominent in the right for women to vote,work,and fight -
U of Alabama Integration
When African American students attempted to desegregate the University of Alabama. Alabama's new governor, flanked by state troopers, literally blocked the door of the enrollment office. -
U of Alabama Integration
When African American students attempted to desegregate the University of Alabama in June 1963 -
March on Washington
A gathering for Jobs and Freedom of all people and where MLK gave his "I Had A Dream" speech -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Lester Maddox
he refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant because of the civil rights -
Cesar Chavez
The MLK of the Mexican's -
Voting Rights of 1965
signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. -
Watts Riots
A group of violent disturbances in Watts, a largely black section of Los Angeles, in 1965. Over thirty people died in the Watts riots, which were the first of several serious clashes between black people and police in the late 1960s. -
Stokely Carmichael
was a civil rights activist and national chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) -
Desegregation
The end of segregation in all public places leaving all people with the same rights -
Title XI
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in discrimination based on race or color
