Civil Rights in America

Civil Disobediance

Oct 9, 1849

is the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power.

13th Amendment

Jan 31, 1865

Constitution declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction

Black Codes

Oct 9, 1865

laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War.

Sharecropper/ Tenant Farming

Oct 9, 1867

Sharecropping was common throughout the South well into the twentieth century, and required the work of entire families.

14th Amendment

Jul 9, 1868

The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.

Jim Crow Laws

Oct 9, 1877

were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Oct 8, 1896

was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"

Orville Faubus

Jan 7, 1910

American politician who served as the Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967.

Rosa Parks

Feb 4, 1913

African-American Civil Rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".

hector p garcia

Jan 7, 1914

Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum.

19th Amendment

Jun 4, 1919

19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote.

Betty Friedan

Feb 4, 1921

Betty Friedan was an American writer, activist, and feminist.

Cesar Chavez

Mar 31, 1927

American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Jan 15, 1929

American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian,

20th Amendment

Jan 23, 1933

Simple amendment that sets the dates at which federal (United States) government elected offices end.

Federal Housing Authority

Oct 9, 1934

is a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934

nonviolent protest

Oct 9, 1950

the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence.

desegragation

Oct 9, 1950

process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States.

Brown v. Ferguson

Oct 8, 1954

The former case legalized racial segregation under the "separate but equal" law, while the latter case outlawed the doctrine.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Oct 9, 1955

seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Sep 9, 1957

The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was also Congress's show of support for the Supreme Court's Brown decisions

Sit-ins

Oct 9, 1960

a form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met.

Lynching

Oct 9, 1960

Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group.

Affirmative Action

Mar 6, 1961

or positive discrimination (known as employment equity in Canada, reservation in India and Nepal, and positive action in the UK) is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination within a culture.

George Wallace

Oct 9, 1963

American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987.

24th Amendment

Jan 23, 1964

Prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Jul 2, 1964

is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States[5] that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Veteran Rights Act of 1965

Oct 9, 1965

Civil rights veteran and Congressman John Lewis urged black clergy to work for changes in the Voting Rights Act on the second anniversary of the Supreme Court decision that removed key provisions of the law.

Head Start

Oct 9, 1965

The Head Start Program is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families.

Thurgood Marshall

Oct 8, 1967

Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991

Lester Madox

Oct 9, 1967

American politician who was the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971.

26th Amendment

Mar 23, 1971

The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.

TItle 9

Jun 23, 1972

Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.

Upward Bound

Oct 1, 1990

national program that more than doubles the chances of low-income, first-generation students graduating from college so they can escape poverty and enter the middle class.