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13 Amendment
Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.". -
14 Amendment
Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. In addition, it forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” By directly mentioning the role of the states, the 14th Amendment greatly expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans a -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education, which ended legal segregation in public schools, they never knew they would change history. The people who make up this story were ordinary people. They were students who simply wanted to be treated equally. -
Pearsall plan
The United States Supreme Court’s ruling in the Brown v Board of Education declared racial segregation in public schools Following the Brown ruling,
In August 1954 and in response to the Brown decision, -
Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott began on December 5, 1955, four days after Rosa Parks' arrest for refusing to give her bus seat to a white man. Although the boycott was originally planned to last only one day, the organizers of the boycott, led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., decided to extend it until the practice of public transportation segregation was outlawed. -
Southern christian leadership
With the goal of redeeming ‘‘the soul of America’’ through nonviolent resistance, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was established, to coordinate the action of local protest groups throughout the South -
little rock 9
was created to promote the ideals of justice and equality of opportunity for all. Forged in the crucible of fierce opposition to the educational pursuits of nine young black children, the Foundation is dedicated to the proposition that racist ideology will not dictate educational policies and practices in the 21st Century. -
Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit-in
Ronald Martin, Robert Patterson, and Mark Martin stage sit-down strike after being refused service at an F.W. Woolworth luncheon counter, -
Freedom Riders
Martial law has been imposed in the town of Montgomery, Alabama, following more violent riots between blacks and whites. -
Bloody sunday
Bloody Sunday and the two marches that followed were marches and protests held in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American civil rights movement. All three marches were attempts to march from Selma to Montgomery where the Alabama capitol is located. -
Plessy v. ferguson
On June 7, 1892, 30-year-old Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the "White" car of the East Louisiana Railroad. Plessy could easily pass for white but under Louisiana law, he was considered black despite his light skin and therefore required to sit in the "Colored" car. He was a before it became part of the United States.
