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Executive Order 8802
signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 25, 1941, to prohibit ethnic or racial discrimination in the nation's defense industry.
Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941 to help prevent discrimination against African Americans in defense and government jobs.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fair-Employment-Practices-Committee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_8802 -
Jackie Robinson’s MLB Debut
made his Major League Baseball debut with the Dodgers, against the Boston Braves, in front of more than 25,000 spectators at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York. It Set the tone for more colored people to play the sport they loved during a very segregated time in history
https://www.history.com/this-day-in.../jackie-robinson-breaks-major-league-color-barrie... -
Executive Order 9981
It abolished discrimination "on the basis of race, color, religion or national origin" in the United States Armed Forces. Harry S. Truman that abolished racial segregation in the U.S. military. Beginning with the initial skirmishes of the American Revolution, African Americans had played an important role in the armed forces of the United States.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Executive-Order-9981
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_9981 -
Brown v. Board of Education Court Case is Decided
which the Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. It has affected everything now schools of all race can be conjoined together in one
https://www.britannica.com/event/Brown-v-Board-of-Education-of-Topeka
https://www.uscourts.gov/educational.../educational.../history-brown-v-board-education -
Lynching of Emmett Till
Mississippi in 1955 at the age of 14, after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store. Till posthumously became an icon of the Civil Rights Movement. Emmett Till's murder was a spark in the upsurge of activism and resistance that became known as the Civil Rights movement.
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/.../emmett-impact-emmett-tills-murder/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmett_Till -
Bus Boycott in Montgomery Begins
arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a protest that ended with the Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. It Makes all Public buses containing no segregation which is unconstitutional
https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/montgomery-bus-boycott -
Creation of the SCLC
This group of blacks created an group to help stop civil and political rights in 1960 successfully staged a 381-day boycott of the Montgomery Alabama's segregated bus system.
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilrights/sclc.htm
www.blackpast.org/aah/southern-christian-leadership-conference-1957 -
Loving v. Virginia Court Case is Decided
ruling in Loving v. Virginia on June 12, 1967. In a unanimous decision, the justices found that Virginia's interracial marriage law violated the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual and cannot be infringed by the State.
https://billofrightsinstitute.org/educate/.../landmark...court-cases.../loving-v-virginia-196...
https://www.history.com/topics/civil-rights-movement/loving-v-virginia -
Little Rock Nine First Escorted to School
e Arkansas National Guard to block the black students' entry into the high school. Later that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school. in September 1957 testing a landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional
https://prezi.com/m/.../how-does-the-little-rock-nine-impact-the-civil-rights-moveme/
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration -
Greensboro sit-ins begin
nonviolent protest against a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C., that began on Feb. 1, 1960. Its success led to a wider sit-in movement.
civil rights movement proved to be invaluable to changing policies and norms in the 1960s. In the early 1940s, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) successfully used sit-ins to desegregate public facilities.
https://www.dummies.com/.../sit-ins-and-their-impact-on-the-civil-rights-movement/
https://www.britannica.com/event/Greensboro-sit-in -
Freedom Riders are attacked in Anniston, Alabama
were brutally attacked by violent, well-armed and organized mobs of Klansmen and other terrorists in Anniston and Birmingham, Ala. sought to test a 1960 decision by the Supreme Court in Boynton v. Virginia that segregation of interstate transportation facilities, including bus terminals, was unconstitutional as well.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-rides
https://www.peoplesworld.org/.../today-in-labor-history-freedom-riders-attacked-in-alab... -
Twenty-Fourth Amendment to the Constitution Ratified
United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. prohibited the federal and state governments from imposing poll taxes before a citizen can participate in a federal election.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Twenty-fourth-Amendment
https://en.wikipedia.org/.../Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constituti... -
James Meredith Enrolls at Ole Miss
, a black US military veteran, at the University of Mississippi (known affectionately as Ole Miss) at Oxford, Mississippi. Meredith became the first African-American student to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Meredith's admission is regarded as a pivotal moment in the history of civil rights in the United States.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Meredith
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Miss_riot_of_1962 -
University of Alabama is Integrated
The Stand in the Schoolhouse Door took place at Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama famously protested the integration of the state university by two black students.In January of 1963, following his election as Governor of Alabama, George Wallace famously stated in his inaugural address: segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.
https://www.usnews.com/.../george-wallace-stood-in-a-doorway-at-the-university-of-ala...
Wikipedia -
“I Have A Dream” Speech is Delivered
Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963, in which he called for civil and economic rights and an end to racism in the United States. he called for civil and economic rights and an end to racism in the United States.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream -
16th Street Baptist Church bombing
in Birmingham, Alabama, kills four African-American girls during
church services. Three former Ku Klux Klan members are eventually convicted of murder for the bombing. Even though the legal system was slow to provide justice, the effect of the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church was immediate and significant.
https://www.history.com/topics/1960s/birmingham-church-bombing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing -
Signing of the Civil Rights Act
landmark civil rights and U.S. labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.
Wikipedia
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act -
March on Selma Begins
It happens weeks after marchers pushing for voting rights in the south are attacked in Selma. The marching leads to the passing of the Voting Rights Act months later. calling for federal voting rights legislation to protect African Americans from barriers that prevented them from voting.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/selma-montgomery-march
https://www.wbaltv.com/article/today-in...march-21...begins-march...selma.../26894449 -
Signing of the Voting Rights Act
landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/voting-rights-act
Wikipedia -
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr., an American Priest and civil rights leader, was fatally shot at an Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968, as many blacks saw King’s assassination as a rejection of their strong pursuit of equality through the nonviolent resistance he had protected.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr-assassination
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.
