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Truman's Desegregation of the Military
Truman created Executive Order 9981, which allowed all races to be a part of the military and have equal opportunities. He also created committees like the Committee of Equality of Treatment to enforce and regulate desegregation. This is not civil disobedience or self-defense but a progression of the civil rights movement. -
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Brown v BOE
Supreme Court case that decided that segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment. This lead to the gradual desegregation of public schools resulting in lots of racial tension in schools. -
Little Rock 9
Group of 9 African American students to segregate Little Rock Central High School. Arkansas was heavily segregated and the National Guard was called to protect students from the racially motivated violence used to keep them out. This is not civil disobedience or self-defense since desegregating schools was perfectly legal. -
March on Washington
This event was organized by MLK, this was where he presented his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. This event's purpose was to advocate for African Americans' rights, economics, and job opportunities. Due to the huge amount of people present, this event raised lots of public attention on this matter. While we may not know if any laws were broken, I think this could be considered civil disobedience. -
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Freedom Riders
A group of civil rights activists rode interstate busses into the segregated South in order to protest segregated public transportation. Although the Supreme Court stated that segregated buses were illegal, segregation was still enforced. This was an example of civil disobedience. -
Equal Pay Act
This act prohibited unfair wages depending on sex. This gave women the opportunity to become more financially dependent and successful than men. This also increased many women in the paid labor force. While this is not civil disobedience or self-defense, many protests and civil disobedience raised public and legislative pressure on the matter. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Congress passed this Civil Rights Act to prohibit discrimination of anyone no matter what race, origin, religion, or sex. This protects employees from employment judgment and discrimination. Essentially, it allows minorities fair job opportunities. This would be the aftermath of civil disobedience. Protest and disobedience pressured congress into passing this into law. -
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Chicano Movement
Mexican-American protest for new identification. They wanted political and social justice, equality, and nationalism. This would be considered civil disobedience and self-defense. As a movement, there were many cases where they were defending themselves from racism and other cases where they disobeyed unequal/ racist enforcments. -
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Alcatraz Occupation
19-month-long protest where 89 native americans + supporters occupied Alcatraz Island. This was used to protest against the U.S. government taking their native land. They claimed the taken land stripped their culture. This would be considered civil disobedience as the occupation was illegal. This brought public attention to the civil issue and inequality. -
Title IX
This was a law that prohibited sex-motivated discrimination in any school or education program that is funded by the federal government. This was enacted due to many women's protests and civil disobedience to advocate for equal rights. -
Roe v. Wade
A supreme court case that claimed abortion laws to be struck down, ultimately making abortion legal. This affected 46 states and cleared up the debate about the right to privacy. This was also a result ob civil disobedience used to put the public eye on women's rights. -
Violence Against Women Act
This was a law that created improved criminal justice responses to sexual assault, domestic violence, and stalking while also providing services to support those victims. This also progressed from the civil disobedience and self-defense of women defending themselves from men. -
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BLM Movement
This was a correlation of over 50 groups pushing to support African Americans. They pushed to end police brutality and abuses by profiit jails against african americans. This would be considered self-defense and civil disobedience against the police. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
This was a Supreme Court case that decided that all people can marry no matter what sex combination. This was pushed by many gay, lgbtq, and trans activists in order to legally marry. This was an act of civil disobedience to overturn the laws preventing them from expressing their love. -
Supreme Court Decisions on Tribal Sovereignty
The Supreme Court decided on a law that protects native children to staying with their families, communities, and culture. This prohibited children from being pulled away from their tribal communities. This progressed due to many indigenous protests which represented civil disobedience to racism.