Civil Rights Acts

  • Brown v. Board

    In Brown v. Board of Education, Brown was a plaintiff and the Board of Education was the defendant. the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States.
  • Gideon v. Wainwright

    The plaintiff was Gideon, and the defendant was Wainwright. the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires U.S. states to provide attorneys to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own.
  • Reynolds vs. Sims

    The plaintiff was Reynolds, and the defendant was Sims. the Court ruled that the electoral districts of state legislative chambers must be roughly equal in population.
  • Griswold v. Connecticut

    The plaintiff was griswold and the defendant is Connecticut. the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States protects the liberty of married couples to buy and use contraceptives without government restriction.
  • Miranda vs. Arizona

    Miranda is the plaintiff, and Arizona was the defendant. Supreme Court decision Miranda v. Arizona (1966) ruled that an arrested individual is entitled to rights against self-discrimination and to an attorney under the 5th and 6th Amendments of the United States Constitution.
  • Fronteirio vs. Richardson

    The plaintiff was fronteirio and the defendant is Richardson. Supreme Court case which decided that benefits given by the United States military to the family of service members cannot be given out differently because of sex.
  • Roe v Wade

    Norma Mcrovey was the plaintiff, and the defendant was Wade. the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States conferred the right to have an abortion.
  • Regents of University of California v. Bakke

    Plaintiff is Bakke, and the defendant was Regents of California. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.
  • Bowers v. Hardwick

    The plaintiff was hardwick and the defendant was Bowers. the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld, in a 5–4 ruling, the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private
  • Casey v. Planned Parenthood

    Planned Parent was the plaintiff and the defendant was Casey. the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court upheld the right to have an abortion as established by the "essential holding"