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Brown v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court Outlaws school segregation
-Plessy v. Ferguson
-Linda Brown had to ride the bus five miles to go to school, even though a public school was located 4 blocks from her. She wasn't allowed to go to that school because she was black.
-Many white people resisted, President Eisenhower had to send troops to places to protect black children and many black people migrated north. -
Period: to
Civil Rights
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George Lee Killed
The Rev. George Lee killed for leading voter-registration drive in Belzoni, Mississippi. -
Lamar Smith murdered
Lamar Smith was murdered for organizing black voters in Brookhaven, Mississippi. -
Emmett Louis Till murdered
Emmett Louis Till was murdered for speaking to a white women in Money, Mississippi. -
John Earl Reese slain
John Earl Reese was slain by nightriders opposed to school improvements in Mayflower, Texas. -
Rosa Parks gets Arrested
Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat ro a white man in Montgomery, Alabama.
-A seamstress boards a bus and sits down in the section for blacks, eventually they are ordered to move to the back of the bus to make more room for the white people. Rosa usually never broke the rules, but today she refused to give up her seat. She was conequentialy arrested.
-Soon after the Montegomery Bus boycott began -
Montgomery Boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott begins. -
Supreme Court bans Segregated Seating
The Supreme Court bans segregated seating on Montgomery buses. -
Willie Edwards Jr. Killed
Willie Edwards Jr. killed by Klansmen in Montgomery, Alabama. -
Congress passes Civil Rights Act
Congress passes first civil rights act since reconstruction.
-Dwight D. Eisenhower
-It helped protect citizens voting rights, established the Civil Rights Division in the Justice Department, let federal officials prosecute individuals that denied another citizen's right to vote. Also created a six-member U.S. Civil Rights Commission charged with investigating allegations of voter infringement. -
President Eisenhower orders federal troops to enforce school desegregation
in Little Rock, Arkansas
- The Governer ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent black students from enrolling in Central High school which was all white. Eisenhower wanted to uphold the constitution so he met with the governer and soon 9 blacks were enrolled. There was an outbreak of violence, so Eisenhower ordered the guards and 1,000 army paratroopers to restore order in Little Rock.
-They sent army paratroopers and the guards from Arkansas to protect them and allow them to go to school -
Mack Charles Parker
Mack Charles Parker taken from jail and lynched in Poplarville, Mississippi. -
Black students stage sit-in at white lunch counter
in Greensboro, North Carolina -
Supreme Court outlaws segregation in bus terminals
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Freedom Riders attacked
Freedom Riders attacked in Alabama while testing compliance with bus desegregation laws.
-They would get on at major bus stops, the buses were failing to integrate so they wanted to show others that they were allowed to ride anywhere on the bus.
-Organizations like CORE, Congress of Racial Equality
-Both african americans and whites joined in -
Herbert Lee killed
Herbert Lee, a voter registration worker killed by a white legislator in Liberty, Mississippi. -
Civil rights groups join forces to launch voter registration drive
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Cpl. Roman Ducksworth Jr. killed
Cpl. Roman Ducksworth Jr taken from a bus and killed by police in Taylorsville, Mississippi. -
Riot erupts when James Meredith, black student enrolls at Ole Miss
- Riots erupted many were killed, injured or arrested.
- Kennedy administration called for 31,000 National Guardsmen and other federal forces to enforce order.
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Paul Guihard, a reporter killed during riot at Ole Miss
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William Lewis Moore slain during one-man march against segregation
in Attalla, Alabama -
Birmingham police attack marching children with dogs and hoses
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Alabama Governer trying to stop university integration
Alamaba Governer, George Wallace stands in schoolhouse door to stop university integration. -
Medgar Evers, a civil rights leader assassinated
Medgar Evers, a civil rights leader assassinated in Jackson, Mississippi.
-Medgar Evers was a civil rights activist who organized voter-registration efforts, demonstrations and boycotts of companies that practiced discrimination.
-He had a high position in the NAACP so he was targeted and shot in the back in his driveway in Jackson. He died an hour later in the hospital. The FBI was used to find the killer, but after some trials no one was prosecuted. -
250,000 Americans march on Washington for civil rights
-The march was designed to highlight the problem of the ever widening economic gap between blacks and whites. Hopefully the march would bring equal employment oppurtunities and desegregation in the armed forces.
-Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech -
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombed
Addie Mae Collins, Denise Mcnair, Carole Robertson, and Cynthia Wesley were schoolgirls killed in the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. -
Virgil Lamar Ware killed
Virgil Lamar Ware, youth killed during a wave of racist violence in Birmingham, Alabama. -
Poll tax outlawed in federal elections
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Louis Allen witnessed a murder of a civil rights worker
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The Rev. Bruce Klunder killed protesting construction of segregated school
in Cleveland, Ohio -
Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore killed by Klansmen
in Meadville, Mississippi. -
Freedom Summer begins
Freedom Summer begins with 1,000 young civil rights volunteers to Mississippi. -
Civil Rights slain by Klansmen
James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner civil rights workers abucted and slain by Klanmen in Philadelphia, Mississippi. -
President Johnson signs Civil Rights Act of 1964
-President Johnson
-The Act outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, required equal access to public places and employment, and enforced desegregation of schools and the right to vote -
Lt. Col. Lemuel Penn killed by Klansmen
Killed while driving north from Colbert, Geogia. -
Jimmie Lee Jackson, civil rights marcher killed by state trooper
in Marion, Alabama. -
State troopers beat black marchers at Edmund Pettus Bridge
in Selma, Alabama -
The Rev. James Reeb March volunteer beaten to death
in Selma, Alabama -
Viola Gregg Liuzzo killed
Viola Gregg Liuzzo killed by Klansmen while transporting marchers on the Selma Highway, Alabama. -
Thousands complete the Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights March
- It helped raise awareness of the difficulty faced by black voters in the South. -In the capital of Montgomerythey were met with violent resistance by state and local authorities. During the march many protesters were beaten and tormented by people who oppoesed desegregation. -The Voting Rights Act was passed soon after, meaning many african americans were able to finally vote.
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Oneal Moore killed
Oneal Moore, black deputy killed by nightriders in Varnado, Louisiana. -
Congress passes Voting Rights Act or 1965
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Willie Brewster killed by nightriders
in Anniston, Alabama -
Jonathan Daniels a seminary student killed by deputy
in Hayneville, Alabama. -
Samuel Younge Jr. a student civil rights activist killed in dispute
in Tuskegee, Alabama -
Vernon Dahmer a black community leader killed in Klan bombing
in Hattiesburg, Mississippi -
Ben Chester White killed by Klansmen
in Natchez, Mississippi -
Clarence Triggs slain by nightriders
in Bogalusa, Louisiana -
Wharlest Jackson, civil rights leader killed
Wharlest Jackson, civil rights leader killed after promotion to 'white' job in Natchez, Mississippi. -
Benjamin Mrown, civil rights worker killed when police fired on protesters
in Jackson, Mississippi -
Thurgood Marshall sworn in as first black Supreme Court justice
-Before becoming a justice he was appointed by JFK to the U.S> court of appeals in 1961, and then to solictor generan in 1965 by President Johnson.
-It he was the first black Supreme court memeber, he broke down many racial barriers. -
Students killed when highway patromen fire on protesters
Samuel Hammond Jr., Delano Middleton, and Henry Smithwere the students killed when highway patromen fire on protesters in Orangeburg, South Carolina. -
Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated
Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.
-He was in Tennessee working with people to support a sanitation workers’ strike. At his hotel where he was shot by a sniper.
-They both looked up to him and saw him as a promient figure in the civil rights movement. Both races alike could not understand why such a peaceful man had been killed.
