-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14-year-old Ismail I is enthroned as shah of a new Persian dynasty, the Safavids -
-
The marriage of James IV, king of Scotland, to Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII, leads a century later to the Union of the Crowns -
-
Julius II, together with the architect Bramante, lays the foundation stone for the new St Peter's Basilica -
-
-
Michelangelo completes Sistine Chapel frescoes in Rome -
-
Erasmus publishes Greek New Testament
-
-
Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses in response to indulgence sales -
Ulrich Zwingli comes to Zurich, where his branch of reformation theology will later blossom -
Luther refuses to recant his views based on conscience and Scripture -
Great bloodshed happens by the hands of commoners over the years, in many eyes "justified" by changes in theology -
Early Modern English accessible Scriptures -
Lutherans present their case from Scripture: why they teach what they teach -
-
-
Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy makes the king, not the pope, head of the break-away Church of England. -
-
Calvin publishes first edition of Institutes, defining his theology -
Loyola gains approval for Society of Jesus from the Vatican. Founded by Ignatius Loyola, the Jesuit order places its services entirely at the disposal of the pope. -
-
-
-
-
Council of Trent meets to establish clarity in the counter-Reformation -
Cranmer produces the beloved Book of Common Prayer for the Church of England. -
Francis Xavier begins mission to Japan -
England Buys Back Boulogne from France in Peace for a time -
Michael Servetus burned at the stake in Geneva -
Peace of Augsburg "ends" religious wars in Germany -
Elizabeth I succeeds peacefully to the throne of England, after the turmoil of Mary's Catholic reign -
-
John Foxe’s Book of Martyrs published -
-
-
-
Teresa of Avila writes The Way of Perfection -
-
Restoration of Church of Cyprus to Orthodox rule. -
-
The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre in France witnesses the killing of tens of thousands of Protestant Huguenots by Catholics. -
-
-
-
Henry IV becomes a Catholic so as to secure Paris and the throne of France -
-
-
-
-
-
Shakespeare's Hamlet registered for publication -
-
United East India Company (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie ), or the VOC founded. This was the first multinational joint-stock company, a landmark in economic development. The VOC prospered for centuries, but went bankrupt at the end of the 18th some say due to corruption and poor management. -
Tokugawa Ieyasu rules Japan, moves capital to Edo (Tokyo) -
The English settle in Jamestown -
Missionary Juan Fonte established the first Jesuit mission among the Tarahumara in the Sierra Madre Mountains of Northwest Mexico -
The city of Santa Fe New Mexico, the oldest capital city in the US, is founded by the Spanish. Santa Fe prospers for 300 years before New Mexico becomes a state, well, except for the time 1680-1692 when the Pueblo people revolt and push the Spanish out of their territory -
The telescope is invented. The first documentation of a telescope being created is when German-Dutch spectacle-maker Hans Lipperhey tries to patent his new telescope in the Netherlands which can magnify its subject three times. -
-
Anglican preacher turned Separatist, John Smith, baptizes the first "Baptists." -
Publication of the Authorized or King James translation of the Bible in the English language. Fifty-four scholars worked for four years on the project. -
1613, June 29 Shakespeare's Globe Theatre burns down. The theatre could seat one thousand people in the galleries and another two thousand could stand on the grounds.
-
Synod of Dort begins -
Portuguese Carmelites went from Persia to Pakistan to establish a church in Thatta (near Karachi) -
Protestant/Catholic conflict in Germany (Thirty Years War). -
Pilgrims coming to America sign the Mayflower Compact and commit themselves to seek the public good, uphold group solidarity and forsake self-seeking. -
Vietnam expelled Christian missionaries, who had been a curious interest to that point. -
-
Galileo forced to recant his theories -
-
Harvard College founded by John Harvard -
1636: Roger Williams founds Providence, R.I. -
-
-
1643 - John Campanius, Lutheran missionary to the Indians, arrived in America on the Delaware River. Reformed pastor Johannes Megapolensis began outreach to Native Americans while pastoring at Albany, New York -
-
The Westminster Confession is drafted in the Jerusalem Room at Westminster Abbey. -
Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years’ War between Protestant and Catholic forces -
Oliver Cromwell Named Lord Protector in England -
1/4 of Polish Jews are massacred, many survivors move to Jerusalem.
Killed by Cossacks during the riots -
1648: George Fox begins to preach in 47, 48 Quakers founded
George Fox founds the Society of Friends, more commonly known as "Quakers." Seeking to live simple lives, opposed to warfare and avoiding formal worship, they had an influence far exceeding their numbers. -
1633 The reigning Moghul emperor in India begins to build the Taj Mahal, an
architectural wonder of the world.
The Taj Mahal is built in India (1633 - 1653) -
1654: Blaise Pascal has definitive conversion experience -
1666 The Great Fire of London ravages the City for three days destroying 80% of the buildings leaving thousands homeless and bankrupt. Afterwards London is remade when Sir Christopher Wren decrees new buildings will be made of brick and the streets to be widened. Oddly, the fire slows the progress of the plague by destroying so many rats. Only 16 people lost their lives in the inferno. -
Milton’s Paradise Lost Published - greatly influencing popular religious thought and speculation -
Rembrandt paints his famous Return of the Prodigal Son -
1675: Spener’s Pia Desideria advances Pietism
German Lutheran minister Philip Jacob Spener publishes Pia Desideria which becomes a manifesto for "Pietism" -
John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress is published. It becomes second in international circulation, exceeded only by the Bible. -
Penn founds Pennsylvania -
1683, September 11 The King of Poland Jan III Sobieski leading 20,000 horsemen, the largest cavalry charge in history, rides down from the hills around Vienna and routes the besieging Ottoman forces led by Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha. The Battle of Vienna is the high water mark of the Ottoman Empire. The date of the 9/11 attacks is thought to avenge this battle. -
-
-
1686 Isaac Newton writes Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy which shows the laws of the heavens are the same as the laws of earth. -
1689 After the “Glorious Revolution” of 1688, English Parliament passes the Declaration of Rights, making Parliament stronger and protecting the rights of the people: Toleration Act in England -
Francois Marie Arouet a.k.a Voltaire
-
1698 Consecration of the first Orthodox Church in China, in the name of Sophia (Divine Wisdom), when Emperor Kangxi ordered a Buddhist temple to be cleared for Russian inhabitants in Beijing. -
Nikolaus Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf
-
-
-
-
Publication of Isaac Watt's Hymns and Spiritual Songs marks a new development in the kind of music sung in churches. -
-
-
-
Thomas Newcomen creates the first successful steam engine -
-
German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, who had a flair for glass blowing, invents the mercury thermometer. -
New Testament translated into Tamil (India) -
-
1717 - Chen Mao wrote to the Chinese Emperor about his concerns over Catholic missionaries and Western traders. He urgently requested an all-out prohibition of Catholic missionaries in the Qing provinces
1736 - Anti-Christian edicts in China -
Italian: Pio VI; born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi
-
1729: Jonathan Edwards becomes pastor at Northampton
1735
Great Awakening under Jonathan Edwards stirs the American colonies with many conversions and individual returns to heartfelt faith -
1727
Awakening at Herrnhut launches Moravian Brethren as the forerunner of modern Protestant missionary movements.
1732: First Moravian Missionaries -
-
George Whitefield Converted, important Methodist preaching -
1735 The wise Carolus Linnaeus, a homo sapien, creates a taxonomic system for naming species. -
John Wesley's conversion eventually leads to the founding of a branch of the Methodist Church although he had no intention of forming a separate denomination. John and Charles Wesley lead an Evangelical revival in England and form the Methodist church. -
-
1730-60 The 'Great Awakening' - A revival movement among Protestants in the USA. -
1742: First production of Handel’s Messiah -
-
1754 Scottish chemist Joseph Black discovers carbon dioxide and later the latent heat of fusion -
Yi Seung-Hun / 子述 / baptismal name Peter
-
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
-
Voltaire’s "Candide" published -
-
1767-1815 Suppression of the Jesuits in Roman Catholic countries, subsequently finding refuge in Orthodox nations, particularly in Russia. -
-
1770 Captain James Cook claims all of eastern Australia for England and maps the
Australian coast -
-
1774 Russia and Ottoman Empire sign treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji (Küçük Kaynarca), bringing Russia for the first time into the Mediterranean as the acknowledged protector of Orthodox Christians. -
1776 The American colonies declare themselves independent of Great Britain. -
-
Newspaperman Robert Raikes begins Sunday schools to reach poor and uneducated children in England. It rapidly becomes a vital international movement.
-
1781 William Herschel discovers Uranus using a telescope - the first planet found in modern times. -
1781: Kant Publishes "Critique of Pure Reason" -
Bill of Rights secure American rights -
The French Revolution ignites with the storming of the Bastille to gain badly needed gunpowder. -
-
festival of Reason (de-Christianization of France) -
1793 William Carey sails as a missionary to India and oversees more Bible translations than had previously been produced in all Christian history. -
1794 - Eight Russian Orthodox missionaries arrived in Alaska -
1798 Napoleon Bonaparte conquers Malta and outlaws slavery. -
Friedrich Schleiermacher publishes Lectures on Religion -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
June 18th -
Richard Allen, a former slave, founds the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AMEC) -
Elizabeth Fry begins ministry to women in prison and becomes model for social compassion and involvement. -
John Nelson Darby helps found the Plymouth Brethren, a group which spreads the dispensational view of Scriptural interpretation.
-
Charles G. Finney's urban revivals begin and introduce techniques that decisively affect later mass evangelism in America. -
-
John Keble's sermon "National Apostasy" initiates the Oxford movement in England. -
Samuel Morse demonstrates the telegraph in public. -
-
Blight causes potato crop to fail in Ireland. 1.5 million die of starvation and disease. Ireland still exports grain to England to pay rents. Help from England was too little too late. This lasts for three years. -
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod founded in Chicago, Illinois
-
-
-
-
Dogma of the Immaculate conception of Mary proclaimed by the Roman Catholic church.
-
Charles Haddon Spurgeon becomes pastor in London and will go on the be one of the most influential pastors ever. -
1854 Hudson Taylor arrives as a missionary in China. His faith work has immense impact.
In 1865 J. Hudson Taylor founds China Inland Mission -
Dwight L. Moody is converted. He goes on to become one of the most effective American evangelists. -
David Livingstone publishes Missionary Travels and his exploits in Africa attract world wide attention. -
-
-
-
-
First Orthodox parish established on American soil in New Orleans, Louisiana, by Greeks -
-
Pope Pius IX proclaims the doctrine of Papal Infallibility after the First Vatican Council -
The Student Volunteer Movement begins as a major thrust of young people to bring the gospel to the world as missionaries.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Asuza Street revival launches Pentecostalism, and paves the way for the development of the modern charismatic movement. follows 1901: Speaking in tongues at Parham’s Bible School -
-
1910-15 The fundamentals are published and demonstrate the great divide in American Christianity known as the "Modernist-Fundamentalist" controversy. -
World mission conference held in Edinburgh. -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Karl Barth's Commentary on Romans is published, effectively critiquing modernistic theology. -
-
First Christian radio broadcast over KDKA in Pittsburgh. -
-
-
-
Cameron Townsend begins the Summer Institute of Linguistics that aspires with sister organization Wycliffe Bible translators to bring the Bible to every language group of the world. -
-
-
-
1943-44 Hundreds of Orthodox priests of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church eliminated, tortured and drowned by Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists - Ukrainian Rebel Army, aided by Uniate Metr. Josyf Slipyj who was a spiritual leader of Nazi military units that were later condemned by the Nuremberg tribunal, and who was imprisoned by Soviet authorities for aiding the UPA. -
Dietrich Bonhoeffer is executed by the Nazis. The German pastor is killed just days before the Allies arrive to liberate that region. His theological writings remain influential. -
-
-
The World Council of Churches is formed as an interdenominational body promoting Christian unity and presence in society. -
Billy Graham's Los Angeles crusade thrusts the young evangelist into several decades of worldwide ministry and an impressive reputation. -
-
Dogma of the Assumption of Mary proclaimed by the Roman Catholic Church. -
Charismatic renewal surges forward, crossing denominational lines and becoming more mainstream. -
Second Vatican Council begins, the most significant council since Trent. It will promote new attitudes and practices in Catholicism. -
Martin Luther King, Jr., a Baptist minister, leads a march on Washington espousing the teachings of Jesus in a civil rights movement that affects all Americans. -
The Chinese church grows despite the Cultural Revolution. Christianity did not die out under Communism, but experienced one of the most dramatic church growths ever. -
1969, July 20 Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to walk on the moon -
-
-
-
1989, November 9 East and West Germans tear down the Berlin wall and pave the way for the uniting of Germany a year later. The Cold War ends and the Soviet Union will be dissolved. -
1994, April 27 Nelson Mandela wins South Africa's first multiracial election. Apartheid is dead. -
Signing of the Joint Declaration on Justification by the "Lutheran" and Roman Catholic Churches.
