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  *caused by European powers explouted China's traditionalist society for trade
 *too late for change because the anti-foreign intervention ideology was rooted
 *put down by European powers but Qing was never able to rebound
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  *Shikai tanted consitutional republic led by Sun before this, SUn was a revolutionary that formed CUL
 *proceeded GMD
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  - started in the 17th century *increasingly opposed *ruled by force --> compare to Bourbon dynasty of spain
 
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  *Sun Yat-Sen was the first president until 1914
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  *Jiang sets in after Sun's death
 --> later proclaimed himself emperor -> connect to Miguel Primo de Rivera to show dictatorships after significant political change
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  *created after the end of the military dictatorship
 *resulted in the seperation of China into regions run by the local warlord
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  *Protests started after the end of WWI because the formerly Chinese province, Shandong, that was taken by Germany was given to Japan
 * This along with the intellecutal revolution sought reform in China
 --> significant because China was now established as weak in domestic and international politics
 --> ENDED in 1921