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Mar 9, 1559
Leadership of Nurhaci
Nurhaci was architect of unity amoung the Manchu tribes. He combined the calvary of eeach tribe in the banner armies. He also brought many of Manchuria and non Manchu's under his rule. -
Manchu Takes Over China
Manchus took advantage of the political division in the Ming capital. Once the Manchus advanced their capital in Beijing, they had them captured within two years. Soon the Manchus became the masters of China. -
Kangxi
Kangxi was one of the many Manchu rulers who were patrons of the Chinese arts. He was significant Confucian scholar. He ruled from 1661 to 1722. -
Manchu Rebellion
The weakness of the declining Ming regime gave the Manchus strength. It gave them an opputunity to seize control in China. An official of the Ming government in charge of the northern defenses called out Manchus to help the widespread rebellion along the Great wall. -
Cheating in the Exams
Cheating had become so common. Students who failed the exams started demonstrations protesting against bribery. Few of landlords and merchnnts were not getting the proper education. -
Decline Starts to Show
It was clear that the Qing dynasty was in decline. The exam sysytem isn't as strong. The bureacratic system is weak. -
The White Lotus Rebellion
It started in the beginning of the 19th century. It was led by Buddhists who were frustrated over taxes and government corruption. -
Compradors
Profits from the overseas trade gave wealth to the compranors. They specialized in import-export trade. These merchants were one of the major links with China to the outside world. (19th century). -
Lin Zexu
One of the most distinguished officials sent by the emperor. Ordered to use every means possible to stamp out trade. Lin orders the European trading areas in Canton blockaded, their warehouses searched, and all Opium destroyed. -
Opium war
Opium was grown in China but also had a high demand in India as well. British were in high demand for Opium and didn't want it to become illegal. On the eve of the Opium war, 40000 chests were imported by the Chinese. -
Opium Treaty
This treaty didn't have much refrence to the opium trade. Soon Chinese foreign trade and customs were over seen by the British. -
Disaster at Shandong Peninsula
Huanghe emptied into sea south of penninsula before hand. Now, neglected dikes had broken off. This was the cause of 100's of flooded square miles of farmland. -
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping rebellion was led by Hong Xiuquan. His army included Hakka women. They had won a series of victories and had captured a large amount of territory in South Central territory. -
Boxer Rebellion
It was a popular outburst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from China. They failed because of intervention of armies of western powers in China. The defeat of Chinese enhanced control b European and the power of provincial officials. -
Secret Society
Sons of some of the scholar gentry and merchants were becoming invlolved with secret societies that were geared towards overthrowing the regime. They were aimed at getting rid of the Manchus. This was happening by the end of the 19th century. -
Self Strengthening Moment
Zeng and his allies carried out many reforms to root corruption in the bureacracy. By the late 19th century, these leaders were responsible for China's self strengthening movement. This was aimed at countering the challenge from the west. -
Manchus Numbered
By the beginning of the 20th century, the Manchu days were numbered. Taipings were defeated. Qing became the center of rivalry. -
Chinese Civilization was finally Reached
Civil service were given for the last time. Confucianism was finally wrapped up. This was an end for the usual pattern of Chinese life. -
Opposition
Opposition to the government's reliance on the western powers for railway loans. This led to secret society uprisings, student demonstrations, and mutinities on the part of imperial troop. -
Last Emperor
The last emperor of China was a small boy named Puyi. After this, a repuliblican was requested.
