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Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives
In 1890, " investigative journalist Jacob Riis published his book " How the Other Half Lives", featuring photographs and facts about the terrible conditions of tenement life for poor New Yorkers". Jacob Riis was also an important muckraker who just like Lewis Hine took photographs in order to show people the truth of what these low wages and terrible working conditions were doing to people. (U3, S22) -
March of the Mill Children
In 1903 , " labor leader Mary Harris Jones- known as Mother Jones- went to Pennsylania to support a strike by 75,000 workers. About 10,000 of the strikers were children". This shows that although some people ignored child labor, others fought against it and went on strike to stop this injustice. (CL, S4) -
National Child Labor Committee
In 1904, " a group of progressive reformers founded the National Child Labor Committee, an organization whose goal was the abolition of child labor. Organizations also made a big impact against child labor because as a team they made people see the hazardous effects of child labor. (CL, S4) -
The Bitter Cry Of Children
In 1906 , Joan Spargo wrote " The Bitter Cry Of Children", exposing the conditions of child labor in the country. This also shows that muckrakers like Joan Spargo wrote magazines or books to show the horrendous condition of Child Labor. (CL,S4) -
Child Labor: Lewis Hine Photographs
In 1908, famous photographer Lewis Hine was known for showing people the truth about child labor through pictures of the effects it had on children. Lewis Hine was an important muckraker because by showing people pictures of child labor, he made people see how horrible it was (CL, S4). -
New Freedom
In 1912, "President Wilson was elctecting president and ran on the campaign of a "New Freedom", free from the power of big business and creating new competition. This shows that during that time Wilson saw child labor as another abuse of big business and encouraged congressional legislation to stop it (CL, S5). -
Keating-Owens Act
In 1916, " Congress acted and passed the Keating-Owens Act that established the following child labor standard: a minimum age of 14 for workers in manufacturing and 16 for workers in mining, a maximum workday of 8 hours, prohibition of night work underage 16, and a documentary proof of age. This shows me that even though this act didn't fully ban child labor, at least they made it fair to set a higher age in certain working conditions (CL, S5). -
Child Labor Legislative Efforts
In 1918, " Although the Keating-Owen Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Woodrow Wilson, the Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional in Hammer V. Dagenhart 247 U.S. 251 (1918) because it overstepped the governments powers to regulate commerce". This shows me that the Supreme Court believed President Woodrow Wilson and Congress was exceeding beyond limits, so to keep their power they decided that it should be unconstitutional. -
Revenue Act of 1919
On this day in History, " a second child labor bill was passed in December of 1918 as part of Revenue of 1919 ( also called the Child Labor Tax Law). This act shows that it also took an indirect route to regulate child labor, because things s time it used the governments power to collect taxes (CL, S5) -
Child Labor Decrease
By 1920," the number of child laborer so was cut to nearly half of what it had been in 1910". This shows me that all Presidents, laws, muckrakers, and reformers made a huge step in positively impacting child labor because even though it wasn't fully in all states banned it still made it equal and was cut in half on what it used to be (CL,S5).
